Oiasso, Olarso, Oeason, Oyarzun

Cala de Asturiaga, Cape Higer

San Sebastien

Santa Maria la Real, at Zarauz, Zarautz

Menosca

Lekeitio, Lequeitio

Portuondo

Forua

Castro de Kosnoaga

Bermeo

Berreaga, with possible beaching near Gorliz

Portugalete, on Ria de Bilbao

Flaviobriga, Portus Amanum, Port of the Amanes

Punta Pilota

Pico del Hacha

Traiectum

Santona, Roman villa

Monte Cincho

La Sorrozuela, on Ria de Ajo

Sauga?

La Campanuca, isla de Oleo, near Pontejos

Gajano

El Gurugu

Portus Victrix, Portus Victoriae Iuliobrigensium, Port of Juliobrigiens' Victory

Istmo de la Magdalena, Santander

Cueto de Mogro

Portus Blendium

La Masera y el Castro de Hinojedo

Portus Veseiasueca

Castillo de Prellezo

Ribadesella

La Isla, near Colunga

Pico Castiello

Punta de Rodiles, on Ria de Villaviciosa

Gigia

Noega, with lighthouse Torre Augusto

Banugues, Gozon

El Cantu la Figal, at Nieva

El Penon de Raices

El Castillo de San Martín

Plaza de Muros, at Muros de Nalon

Flavionavia

Gold mine near Cadavedo beach

Castro de Mohias

Castro de Coana

Castro de la Punta de Figueira

Castro Castellon, west of Permenande beach

Castro de Cabo Blanco

Castro del Figo, Castreda

Castro del Esteiro, west of La Paloma beach

Castro del Corno, Pena Rubia

Castro de Pineira

Castro de Meirengos

Castro de Fazouro

Roman villa near Playa de Area

Castro Vilela

Coido de Bares

Espasante

Castro Tallo, Punta dos Prados

Maior, Coto da Croa

Roman villa at San Xeao de Trebo chapel

Castro de Lobadiz

Carino

Magnus Portus Artabrorum, Artabron Limen, Portus Artaboi, Port of the Artabres

Longaras, at Gandara beach

Roman villa at Noville

Mea, Caldoval

Roman villa at Sopazos, near Puentedeume

Roman villa at Centrona

O Castro, A Insua

Roman villa at Carnoedo

Roman villa at Lorbe

Roman villa at Ponte Pasaxe

Castro Elvina

Brigantum, Brigantia, Flavium Brigantium, Ad Columnam and its famous ancient lighthouse Torre Hercules

Castellum Aviliobris

Camarinas

Artabron Limen, Portus Artaboi, Port of the Artabres?

Portus Ebora, Noouion

Castro Barona

Castro de Achadizo

Castro Grande de Neixon

Glandimirum

Turris Augusti

Villagarcia de Arosa

Roman villa at Praia do Naso, on Arosa, Arousa island

Isla Toxa Grande

Roman villa at Adro Vello

A Lanzada

Praya de Canexol, on Ilha de Ons

Ad Duos Pontes

Bueu

Pintens

Nerga

Igresina, Nerga, Cangas

Ensenada de San Simon

Roman villa at Vilar, Vigo

Calle Marqués de Valladares, 43, Vigo

Vicus Spacorum

Roman villa at Isla de Toralla

Punta de Sobreira

Roman villa at Panxon

Stuciana at Baiona

Tude, Castellum Tyde

R Baenis, Minius

Viana do Castelo on the R Lima

Esposende on the R Cavado

Roman villa at Menedi

Roman villa, Alto de Martim Vaz

Vila do Conde on the R Ave

Roman villa, Fontão de Antela, near Lavra

Lordelo do Ouro, near Porto

Portus Galum, Portus Cale, estuary of R Dorius

R Durius

Povoado da Torre

Talabriga

Santa Olaia

Nossa Senhora do Desterro

Ameal

Aeminium on R Munda, Monda

Conimbriga, with port possibly near ancient bridge on R dos Mouros, R Egra

Parreitas, Lagoa de Pederneira, near Nazaré, Alcobaça

Alfeizerao, near Sao Martinho do Porto

Eburobrittium

Roman amphora kiln at Morracal da Ajuda at Peniche which was probably an ancient island strikingly similar to Tyre; its name sounds like Phoenice; its shelter was possibly between island and mainland, now a fort moat.

Londobris insulae, Saturno insulae, with possible lighthouse at Moinho Roman site

Lourinha

Torres Vedras on the R Sizandro

Roman villa, Santo Andre de Almocageme

Roman villa, Villa dos Casais Velhos

Rua Marques Leal Pancada, Caiscais

Casa do Governator da Torre de Belem

Olissippo, Olisipo, Oliosipon, Ulyssippo, Felicitas Julia, Ophiussa?

Sacavem

Roman villa, Povos, at Vila Franca de Xira on the R Tage

Monte dos Castelinhos

Porto do Sabugueiro

Scallabis, Praesidium Iulium

Porto dos Cacos, Alcochete

Abona, Aquabona

Quinta do Rouxinol, Seixal, Roman amphora pottery

Quinta do Almaraz, Cacilhas, Almada

Porto Brandao

Alfarim

Promontorium Barbarium, Pirgo Barbarion and its ancient lighthouse

Avenida da Liberdade, Sesimbra

Creiro

Comenda

Caetobriga

Caeciliana

Zambujalinho, Roman amphora pottery

Herdade do Pinheiro

Abul

Xarrouqueira, Vale da Cepa, Roman amphora pottery

Salacia, Salacra

Troia

Sines

Paetanion, Paetion, Anion, Patulus portus

Atlantis, Atlantide

Sacrum Promuntarium

Martinhal and Baleeira islet, with a Roman amphora kiln

Roman villa at Boca do Rio, Salema, Budens

Roman amphora kiln at Burgau

Senhora da Luz

port of Lacobriga

Roman villa Laccobriga

Ipses, Portus Hannibalis?

Roman villa at Quinta da Abicada, near Mexilhoeira Grande

Vau, Alvor

Roman villa at Baralha

Portus Hannibalis, Port of Annibal

Roman villa at Ferragudo

Rosario, Roman ruins

Cerro da Rocha Branca, near Silves

Armacao de Pera

Praia de Aveiros

Santa Eulalia, Roman ruins

Cerro da Vila, Vilamoura

Monte da Vinha, Vinha do Casao

Marmeleiros

Quarteira Submersa

Loule Velho

Trafal

Porto de Farrobilhas

Tejo do Praio, Quinta do Lago, Almancil

Salgados

Ossonoba

Quinta do Marim, Quelfes, near Olhao

Doca de Olhao

Alfanxia, near Fuseta

Balsa

Pedras d'El Rei

Tavira

Roman villa at Quinta do Muro, Cacela Velha

Roman villa at Quinta da Manta Rota, near Cacela Velha

Roman villa at Sao Bartolomeu, near Castro Marim

Baesuris, Esuris, on R Anae

Isla Cristina

La Vina

La Ribera, on R Cano de la Rivera

El Rompido

Onoba, Onuba, Portus Onobensis, Tartessos?

El Eucaliptal at Punta Umbria & several fish processing factories on Isla de Saltes

Ilipula, Ilipla minor

Tartessos, Tartessus, Tarsis, Biblical Tarshish?

Maenoba, Menova

Olontigi

Caura

Palomares del Rio

Osset

El Carambolo

Ancient R Baetis
Ancient river course, acc. to Ordonez, 2021

Hispalis, archaic Spal

Italica

Ilipa magna

Orippo

Maribanez

Las Torres de Alocaz, Las Cabezas de San Juan

Roman villa at Carrascona

Roman villa at Loma de la Vina

Nabrissa Veneria

Conobaria, Colobana

Asta Regia, Hasta, on the ancient Via Augusta

Aipora, Ebora

Luciferi Fanum, Templo del Lucero, Lux Dubiae, Phosphoros

Pirgo Caepino, Menestheus temple, Tower (ancient lighthouse ?)

Cimbis, Cimbios

Astaroth, Speculum Rotae

Fuentebravia, Las Redes

Portus Gaditanus, Portus Balbus

Portus Menesthei, Menesthus Limen, Menesteo, port of Menesthee, south of Castillo de Dona Blanca

Ad Portum?

El Gallinero, Puerto Real shipyard

Roman villa at Puente Melchor

Roman amphora kilns at Pinar de Villanueva, Jarana

Ad Pontem, on Antipolis insula, on via Augusta between Hispalis and Gades

Antipolis insula

Roman villa at Cerro de los Martires, on Antipolis insula

Gadir, Gadira, Gadès, Erithya, Erytheia, Eriteia and its ancient lighthouse; Puerto interior on ancient canal of Bahia-Caleta

Cadiz, Cadix, ancient canal of Bahia-Caleta, with ancient lighthouse. Remains of ancient city are visible under the modern teatro "Gadir".

Gadir, Gadira, Gadès, Erithya, Erytheia, Eriteia and its ancient lighthouse; Puerto exterior at La Caleta, with several offshore islets used for anchorage

Ancient canal of Bahia-Caleta North
North side of the ancient canal (acc. to Bernal, 2020).

Ancient canal of Bahia-Caleta South
South side of the ancient canall (acc. to Bernal, 2020).

Gadir, Gadira, Gades, Kotinoussa insula

Camposoto

Punta del Boqueron

Sancti-Petri

Isle of Sancti-Petri

Mercablum, Merifabion

Roman villa at Canos de Meca, near Cape Trafalgar, with ancient lighthouse

Baesippo, Port Besippon

R Belone

Baelo Claudia, Belone, Belon, Bello, Belo, Bailon

Mellaria, Menlaria, Menralia

Tarifa

Cetaria

Portus Albus

Iulia Traducta or Transducta, Iulia Ioza, Tingentera, Portus Albus

El Rinconcillo

Carteia, Calpe, Karpessos

Roman Villa Victoria, San Roque, Puente de Mayorga

Cerro del Prado

Gorham's cave, Gibraltar

Outlet of R Guadalquiton

Barbesula, Barbariana

Casa de Montilla

Los Castillejos de Alcorrin

Roman villa Manilva at Castillo de la Duquesa

Roman villa at San Luis de Sabinillas

Lacipo

Torre de la Sal o Salto de la Mora

Arroyo Vaquero

Calle Genalguacil, 18, Estepona

Las Torres

Salduba, Saltum

Cilniana

Roman villa at Rio Verde

Suel

Finca del Secretario

Torreblanca del Sol

Roman villa at Torremuelle

Roman villa at Benalroma

Roman villa at Los Molinillos

Saduce

Roman villa at La Cizana Baja

Roman villa at Araijanal

Mainake, Moenace, Maenace at Cerro del Villar?

Cortijo de Montanez

Malaca, Malaka, Mainake, Moenace, Maenace?

La Loma de Benagalbon, Rincon de la Victoria

Mainake, Moenace, Maenacé at Toscanos?

Maenoba, Mainobora at Cerro del Mar?

Maenoba, Mainobora at Algarrobo?

Morro de Mezquitilla

Las Chorreras, at Morro de Mezquitilla

Lagos

Caviclum

Cortijo de las Sombras, near Frigiliana

Ex, Sexi, Saxetanum

Selambina, Salmbina

Roman kilns at La Canada de Vargas, near El Maraute, at Torrenueva

Abdera, Abdara

Guardias Viejas

Ciavieja, El Ejido

Erroris insula

Tauria insula

Murgi

Turaniana

Portos Magnos, port of Urci

Torre Garcia

Baria

Cabecico de Parra

Aguilas, Calle Cassola

Longuntica on Isla del Fraile?

Ficariensis Locus

Museo Arqueologico Factoria Romana de Salazones de Puerto de Mazarron

Roman villa at Playa del Alamillo

La Azohia

Carthagine Spartaria, Cartago Nova, Carthage la neuve, archaic Mastia, Punic Qart Hadasht

Espalmador Grande

Herakles insula, Scombraria

Portus Magnus, Onusa?

Roman villa at El Castillet

Los Nietos, on Mar Menor

Thiar

Allon? Alonai? Alonae?

Roman villa at El Moncayo beach

Herna, port of Rojales

Roman villa at El Oral

Portus Illicitanus, port of Illici, Ilice, Elia, Allon? Alonai?

Planesia, Nova Tabarca

Ad Leones

Lucentum, Akra Leuke, Castrum Album

Illeta dels Banyets, Banos de la Reina, near El Campello

Torre de Sant Josep

Roman villa at L'Albir

La Olla, near Altea

Hemeroscopion?

Cala de Portichol, Portixol

Punta del Arenal, Javea

Dianium

Almadrava, near Els Poblets

Portus Sucrone

Valentia

Roman villa at El Villar, near Puig

Saguntum, Sagonte, Arse

Roman villa at Pujol de Benicató, near Nules

Port of Sebelaci

Ad Novales?

Roman villa at Villamargo

Etobesa, Etouissa?

Tyreche, Chersonesos

Indibilis

Adeba

Roman villa at Carrova, Tenebrius Portus?

Dertosa

R Hiberus, Iber, Ebro navigable over 200 km

Tria Capita

Sub Saltu

Oleastrum

Roman villa at Cambrils

Salauris

Kissa, Kese, Cissa, Cissis, Calipolis

Taracco, Tarracon

Taracco, Tarrakon, Roman breakwater probably located here, partly demolished mid 19th c., possible lighthouse el Farellon

Ancient Roman mole
Terrado (2019): Citing (p 178) Sanahuja (1859) who tells about masses of marine concrete and citing Echanove about arches. This ancient Roman breakwater was partly removed in 1843.

Roman villa at Els Munts, near Altafulla

Palfuriana

Calafell

Darro

Barcino

Baetulo

Turo de Montgat

Ilduro

Roman villa at Can Llauder, near Mataro

Iluro

Torre dels Encantats

Blanda

Turissa

Roman villa at Pla de Palol, near Platja d'Aro

Roman villa at Collet, near Palamos

Palamors, Celebantic cape at Palamos

Roman villa at Punta de Sant Esteve

Punta del Castell de la Fosca, near Palamos

Llafranc, Sant Sebastia de la Guarda

Lounarion Akron

Cypsela at Ullastert?

Port of Mount Malodes at L'Estartit, in front of the Medes islands

Indike

Riells-La Clota, at La Escala

Emporion, Emporium, Emporia, Neapolis, Cypsela?

Emporion, Emporium, Emporia, Palaiapolis, Cypsela?

Rhoda, Rhode, Rhodope

Pyrènes, Pyrénée

Lancio

Gymnesias

Columba, Balearis Maior

Palma de Mallorca

Las Illetas

Puerto de Santa Ponsa, near Puig de Sa Morisca, Santa Ponsa, Calviá

Son Ferrandell

Cova de Betlem

Son Gallard

Puerto de Soller

Cova de Tossa Alta

Mortitx

Buccorum, Bocchori

Pollentia Portus Minor

Pollentia Portus Major

Can Picafort

Son Real

Es Calo

S'Illot, Sant Llorenc des Cardassar

Porto Cristo

Cova des Moros

Porto Colom

Puerto de Cala Llonga, Cala d'Or

Porto Petro

Santanyi

Cala s'Almunia

Na Moltona islet

Na Guardis islet

Isle of Conejera

Isle of Cabrera

Puerto de Cabrera, Sa Plageta

Cala Pi

Na Galera islet

Nura, Balearis Minor

Cala Blanca

Yamma, Iamon, Iamna, Iamnona

Cala Morell

Sanisera

Puerto de Fornells

Puerto de Cala de Addaya

Cala Grao, Colom island

Mago, Portus Magonis

Cala Alcaufa

Biniai Nou

Cap de Forma

Cala Coves

Cova Murada, near Cala Galdana, Serpentona

Pityusa, Pytyuse, Pitiusas, Pittecusa

Ebusus, Ebysos

Cala Llonga, Puig de ses Torretes

S'argamassa

Sa Caleta, on the SW coast of Ibiza

Punta des Jondal

Cala Badella

Port del Torrent

Es Pouas

Puerto de San Miguel

Cala Portinatx

Ophioussa

Puerto de Sabina, Estanque Peix