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Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
near Bandar-e Nakhilu?
| NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
| 3709 | Prasum prom. | Cabo Delgado? in front of the Commore islands |
| 3710 | Quiloa | Kilwa Kisiwani island & Songo Mnara island, this area of Swahili culture might be beyond the southern limit of pre-islamic trading ports as archaeology has not (yet?) found any older artefacts |
| 3711 | Rhapta, Rapta, capital city of the country of Azania, Panchea, Zingion | archaeo finds at Mkukutu, Kibiti (Chami, 1998) and Kivinja, on R Rufiji, but Dar es Salaam remains a good candidate if Menuthias is Pemba island |
| 3711.1 | Mafiaco insula, Rhapta?? in country of Azania | Bwejuu island, Boydu Island, in front of Ras Kisimani on Mafia island |
| 3712 | Mafiaco insula, in country of Azania | Ukunju cave, near Kua, on Juani-Mafia island |
| 3713 | Menuthias insula, Island of the Sun, Panara, in country of Azania | Unguja Ukuu Kaepwani, on Unguja island (Zanzibar) ; note that Ptolemy means Madagascar when speaking about Menuthias insula |
| 3713.1 | Menuthias insula, Island of the Sun, Panara, in country of Azania | Machaga cave, on Unguja island (Zanzibar) ; note that Ptolemy means Madagascar when speaking about Menuthias insula |
| 3713.2 | Menuthias insula, Island of the Sun, Panara, in country of Azania | Kuumbi cave, on Unguja island (Zanzibar) ; note that Ptolemy means Madagascar when speaking about Menuthias insula |
| 3714 | Pemba island, is also a candidate for Menuthias insula | |
| 3715 | Pyraloi, Puralaon insulae, in country of Azania | Lamu archipelago, with Manda, Pate & Lamu islands |
| 3715.1 | Toniki, Tonice Prom., in country of Azania | Burgabo, Burgao? on R Burgabo |
| 3715.2 | Gondal? | Kismayo, Kismaayo, near Goobweyn on R Juba |
| 3716 | Nicon, Nikon, in country of Azania | Barawa, Brava? |
| 3717 | Essina, Issina, in country of Azania | Merka, Marka? Gendershe, Gonderscia? |
| 3718 | Sarapion Prom., in country of Azania, with Ptolemy’s Great shore, Small shore, Notou Keras and Apokopa bay located within the ca. 1100 km stretch north of this place | Mogadishu? Warsheikh? |
| 3719 | Opone: Pwenet, Pwene, Pouen, Opone, Ophir?? Land of Punt? Zingis Prom.? south of which is the Zingium, Zyngion sea | Ras Hafun, Xaafuun, with bay of Khor Hordiyo, Hurdiyo? Other possible locations for Punt are Mundus, Mosylium and more probably Adulis |
| 3720 | Pano, Panes | Ras Binna? now silted up |
| 3721 | Cape Tabae, Tabai | Tohen, Tooxin? where no shelter is found today due to sedimentation, but close enough of cape Gardafui to fit PME’s description, 8 km north of mighty Ras Shenarif, Chenarif, Shannaqiif |
| 3722 | Dioscoridis insula, Panchaia, Kokkonatou islands, Fortunate islands | Isle of Socotra, Suqutra |
| 3722.1 | Hoq cave on Socotra island, with many inscriptions and a drawing of a ship | |
| 3723 | Hajriya, Tamrida | Hadiboh on Socotra island |
| 3724 | Kosh on Socotra island | |
| 3725 | Aromaton Emporion, Tera Aromatica, Aromatifera Regio, Market and Cape of Spices, near Akroterion Aromaton, Cap des Aromates, Notou Keras? | Probably Daamo, Damo, 5 km west of Cape Guardafui, Ras Asir, Ras Caseyr |
| 3726 | Acana, Acannae, Daphnon Magnum, Psygmus, Psyglatus, Cinocephali waters, R Elephas? | Ras Alula, Bandar Ululah, Caluula |
| 3727 | Cape Elephas, Elephantas | Ras Felug, Filuk, Filuch, el-Fil |
| 3728 | Kobe, Cobe | Habo, Xabo, Abot fort? on Khor Filuk |
| 3729 | Daphnon Parvum | Bandar Muriyeh, Murcaayo |
| 3730 | Port of Botiala | Qoori, near Qandala, Candala, near R Tokwina |
| 3730.1 | Tapatege, Tabatege | Qandala, Candala? |
| 3730.2 | Nilopotamion | Bacaad? a delta that ressembles the Nile Delta |
| 3731 | Mosylium, Mosylon Emporion, below the Karkaar frankincense production area | Bosaso, Bandar Kasim? Another possible location is Ceelayo, Elayo, Elayu, 33 km west of Bosaso, with black volcanic cliffs that may have been taken for a promontory. Also possible is Ras Hantara, Aantaara, 45 km NE of Bosasso, below the Karkaar frankincense production area |
| 3732 | Mundus, Mondou Emporion, below the Cal Madow and Daallo frankincense production area, Pythangelu Limen? Land of Punt? Ophir?? | Heis, Xiis, with anchorage at Salweyn behind Heis island. Other possible locations for Punt are Adulis and Opone |
| 3733 | Khor Shoreh, Shoora | |
| 3733.1 | Malao? | Siyara, Siyaara |
| 3733.2 | Eil Geradi, Ceel Gerdi, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3734 | Malao, Leontoscope? | Berbera, can be seen as the port of Hargeisa (inland) where Neolithic cave paintings have been found |
| 3734.1 | Bulhar, on R Issutuggan | |
| 3735 | Avalitae, Avalites, Abalites, Aualis | Zeila, Saylac, in Somalia, 50 km East of Djibouti. Avalites seems to be located with some certainty at Zeila (in Somalia) on a former island protected by a sand spit |
| 3736 | Port of Isis | Djibouti? The Port of Isis is at ten days of navigation under oar (500-1000 km) from Adulis according to Pliny, which leads near Djibouti (at 660 km) with its two islands located just in front of the port, as indicated by Pliny |
| 3737 | Guinni Koma, ile du Diable, inside Ghoubbet el-Karab, Monfreid’s Gubet Karab | |
| 3738 | Obock | |
| 3739 | Khor Omeira, Monfreid’s Kor Omeira | |
| 3740 | Ras Imran | |
| 3741 | Eudaimon Arabia (Prosperous Arabia), Arabia emporion, Porto, Adane, Athenae | Aden |
| 3742 | Mesala | al-‘Asala, am-‘Asala |
| 3743 | PM: Saba, Sheba, Mariaba, ancient capital city of Sabean kingdom, not to be confused with Pliny’s Sabota, ancient capital of Hadramaut | PM: Marib, not to be confused with Shabwa located 182 km further east |
| 3744 | Abisama, Ambisama, Ebisma | Ras Sanbah? |
| 3745 | Bal Haf, Balihaf | |
| 3746 | Qana, Cana, Qani, Kane, port of the Hadramawites | Husn al-Ghurab (“Crow’s fort”, Fort du Corbeau), at Mawiyat, near Bir Ali |
| 3746.1 | Orneon insula | Geziret Sikha island, mentioned by PME 27 |
| 3746.2 | Troullas insula | Geziret Barraqah island, mentioned by PME 27 |
| 3747 | Trulla, Troulla, Tralla portus? | Ras Majdahah |
| 3748 | Tritus, Tretos portus? | Khor al-Mukalla |
| 3749 | al-Shirh | |
| 3750 | Ras Sharma | |
| 3751 | Thialemath? | al-Musayn’a |
| 3751.1 | Hayrig, on R wadi Tikar | |
| 3752 | Ras Sharwayn | |
| 3753 | Port of Syagros? | Possible shelter at Khaisat, at outlet of R wadi Radhayt |
| 3754 | Syagrus, Syagros, Suagros Prom. at western end of sinus Sachalites, | Khalfat, on wadi Khalfut, North of Ras Fartak |
| 3755 | Ausara, Omana bay | Al-Ghayda? |
| 3755.1 | Kidmat Yarub | |
| 3756 | Neogilla, Neogeiala | Roman naval base at Damkot, Damqawt? |
| 3756.1 | Khor Kharfot, Kharfout, on wadi Sayq | |
| 3757 | Bosara, Boseude, Kosara, Koseude | al-Maghsil? |
| 3758 | Salalah, Raysut | |
| 3759 | Salalah, al-Baleed, al-Balid, with Neolithic settlement at ad-Dahariz | |
| 3760 | Moscha portus, Abyssapolis, Sumhuram, below the Dhofar frankincense production area | Khor Rori, at the outlet of wadi Darbat, near Taqah |
| 3760.1 | Eastern end of sinus Sachalites, | Mirbat, 10th c. port near the Dhofar frankincense production area, with many Palaeolithic sites |
| 3761 | Asich, Asichon, Ascita, at western end of sinus Sachalites, west of Zenobii insulae | Ras Hasik, at western end of Khuriya Muriya bay, west of Khuriya Muriya islands, with many Palaeolithic sites |
| 3761.1 | As-Shuwaymiyah Neolithic settlement | |
| 3761.2 | al-Hallaniyah Neolithic settlement, on Kuria Muria islands | |
| 3761.3 | Ras Madrakah Neolithic settlement | |
| 3762 | Serapis insula, Pliny’s Ogyris insula? | Ras Dah, on Masirah island, with Neolithic settlements at Marsis & a fort at Jebel Saffaiq |
| 3762.1 | Khuwaymah, BA settlement | |
| 3762.2 | Ras Jibsh, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3762.3 | Ras Shaqallah, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3762.4 | Asilah, Aseelah, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3762.5 | Ras Suwayh, Swaih, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3762.6 | Ras ar-Ruways, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3763 | Ras al-Jinz, al-Hawrah | |
| 3764 | Korodamon Akron | Ras al-Hadd |
| 3764.1 | Shia, Shiya, Neolithic settlement | |
| 3765 | Sour, al-Ayjah, Khor al-Hajar Neolithic settlement | |
| 3766 | Qalhat, near wadi Hilm | |
| 3766.1 | Bimmah, with BA settlement | |
| 3766.2 | Qurayat, with BA settlement | |
| 3767 | Bandar Khairan | |
| 3768 | Cryptus portus, Amithoscuta, export of copper from Magan country (copper mountain) | Muscat, Mascate, with Neolithic settlement at Ras al-Hamra |
| 3769 | Batrasava? Dimma | Seeb, Sib |
| 3770 | al-Suwadi, Sawadi | |
| 3770.1 | al-Musanah, Masnaah, on R wadi Aysh | |
| 3770.2 | Omana? | Sohar |
| 3771 | Port Leupas | al-Liwa, Lua, modern Sohar Port |
| 3772 | Khor Kalba, with BA settlement, in Sharjah Emirate | |
| 3773 | Port of Mount Orsa? | Khor Fakkan, Chorfakan, in Sharjah Emirate |
| 3774 | Bidiya, Badiyah, with BA settlement, in Fujairah Emirate | |
| 3775 | Omana? Coboea portus? | Dibba al-Hisn, in Sharjah Emirate |
| 3776 | Asabon, Asabi, Asaborum, Maketa, Mane, Maka Prom. | Cape Musandam, Mussendom, with possible shelter at Khor Kumzar? |
| 3776.1 | Portus Mochorbae, Port Machorbe? | Jazirat al-Ghanam |
| 3777 | Rhegma? Regama, Raamah | al-Hulaylah, near al-Rams, Rhums, in Ras al-Khaimah Emirate |
| 3778 | Tell Kush, at Shimal, Shamal, in Ras al-Khaimah Emirate | |
| 3778.1 | Jazeerah al-Hamra Neolithic settlement, in Ras al-Khaimah Emirate | |
| 3778.2 | UAQ2 Neolithic settlement, next to Khawr al-Bayda, in Umm al-Quwain Emirate | |
| 3778.3 | Jazeerah al-Ghallah, Akab Island Neolithic settlement, Dugong Mound, in Khor al-Beidah, in Umm al-Quwain Emirate | |
| 3779 | Ommana, Omana, Omanum emporium? | al-Dur, ed-Dur, next to Khawr al-Bayda, in Umm al-Quwain Emirate |
| 3779.1 | Tell Abraq, in Umm al-Quwain Emirate | |
| 3779.2 | Muwaihat, al-Hamriyah, with BA settlement, in Ajman Emirate | |
| 3779.3 | Al Qusais necropolis, Dubai | |
| 3780 | Jumeirah, Dubai | |
| 3780.1 | al-Sufouh, with BA settlement, in Dubai Emirate | |
| 3780.2 | Ghanadha, with BA settlement, in Abu Dhabi Emirate | |
| 3781 | Belonging to the country of Magan, Makkan, Makkash, Maka, Qade, export of copper | Umm an-Nar, in Abu Dhabi Emirate, connected to the copper-rich Hajar mountains in Oman |
| 3781.1 | Marawah island Neolithic settlement, in Abu Dhabi Emirate | |
| 3781.2 | Sir Bani Yas island, in Abu Dhabi Emirate | |
| 3781.3 | Dalma island Neolithic settlement, in Abu Dhabi Emirate | |
| 3782 | Taboca, Cadara, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Qatar |
| 3782.1 | Umm al-Ma | |
| 3782.2 | Ras Abaruk, Abrouq, Broog | |
| 3783 | Port of Gerrha? Chattenia? Attene? belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | al-Uqayr, Port Aqeer, Uqair fort of uncertain date |
| 3784 | Gerrha? belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Al-Hufuf, is not a port but a major trade city, another option is Tell al-Zayer at Thaj |
| 3785 | Tylos, Tylus insula, Arados insula on the Leanite bay, centre of the archaic Dilmun empire | Qalat al-Bahrain fort |
| 3785.1 | Bilad al-Qadim, near al-Khamish and al-Hassam mosques, Bahrain | |
| 3785.2 | Belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Saar temple, Bahrain |
| 3785.3 | Barbar temple, Bahrain | |
| 3785.4 | Samahij, Samaheej, Mashmahij, Meshmahig, Bahrain | |
| 3786 | Ain as Sayh, near al-Khobar | |
| 3787 | Dammam | |
| 3788 | Tharro, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Darin, on Tarut, Tarout Island |
| 3789 | Qatif | |
| 3790 | Ayn Jawan | |
| 3791 | Dosariyah | |
| 3792 | Jabal Berri, Jubail | |
| 3792.1 | Istriana | Possibly in the area of Manifa, Munifah? |
| 3792.2 | Mallaba, Mallada | Possibly in the area of Ras al-Khafji? |
| 3793 | Burgan hill, Koweith | |
| 3794 | Akarum, Agarum, Ichara, Ikaros, Icarus insula, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | Tell Khazneh & Tell Sa’ad & Tell Sa’aid, on the isle of Failaka, Koweith |
| 3795 | Akarum, Ichara, Ikaros, Icarus insula, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | al-Khor, al-Khidr, on the isle of Failaka, Koweith |
| 3795.1 | Akarum, Ichara, Ikaros, Icarus insula, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire | al-Awazim, on the isle of Failaka, Koweith |
| 3796 | Itamos, Tamus portus, belonging to the archaic Dilmun empire? | Koweith |
| 3797 | Tell Akkaz, Koweith | |
| 3798 | Umm an-Namel, Koweith | |
| 3799 | Bahra & Nahdain, Subiyah, Koweith | |
| 3800 | Teredon, Teriton, Diritotis, Didotis, on R Euphrates, R Arahtu, Marcian’s Adarupolis? Ptolemy’s Adarou? | very uncertain location North of Bubiyan island |
| 3801 | Apologos, Marcian’s Coromane? Ptolemy’s Koromanis? | al-Ubullah? al-Abelah? Bassora? |
| 3802 | Forat, on R Pasitigris | near ad-Dayr, about 10 km downstreams of Charax |
| 3803 | Charax Spasinou, Spasinu Caras, Alexandria, Antiochia, Maisan on the Mesanites Sinus? on R Pasitigris | Jebel Khayabir, about 15 km SE of al-Qurna and about 40 km NW of Basra, on R Shatt el-Arab |
| 3804 | Lagash, archaic capital of the Sumerian country | Tell al-Hiba |
| 3805 | Girsu | Tell Telloh |
| 3805.1 | Nigin, Nina, Nenua | Tell Zurghul |
| 3806 | Ur, Uri, Sumerian Urim, North Port | Tell el-Muqayyar, with “two off-river basins enclosed within the walls of Ur” acc. to Blackman (1982, p92) |
| 3806.1 | Ur, Uri, Sumerian Urim, West Port | Tell el-Muqayyar, with “two off-river basins enclosed within the walls of Ur” acc. to Blackman (1982, p92) |
| 3806.2 | Port of Ur? | Tell Abu Tbeirah, 6 km south of Nasiriyah |
| 3806.3 | Eridu, Eridou | Tell Abu Shahrain |
| 3806.4 | Kissik, Kisig, Kuara | Tell al-Lahm |
| 3806.5 | Jedeidah | |
| 3806.6 | Kirbasi | |
| 3807 | Uruk, Orchoe, Erech, Orikut | Warka |
| 3807.1 | Larsa, Larancha, Laranchon, Biblical Ellasar | Tell as-Senkereh, Sankarah, with Grand Canal |
| 3807.2 | Badtibira, Patibiri, Pantibiblos, Dûr-gurgurri, on Iturungal canal | Tell al-Madineh, Madain |
| 3808 | Borsippa, Burs, Dorista? | Birs Nimrud |
| 3809 | Babylon, Babel | Babylon |
| 3809.1 | Seleukia ad Tigrim, Seleucia on the Tigris, near Ctesiphon | Tell Omar, Umar, near Al-Mada’in |
| 3809.2 | Akkad, Agade, archaic capital of the Akkadian country, Diniktum? | Tell Muhammad? at confluence of R Tigris and R Diyala |
| 3809.3 | Susa, Shushan, Seleucia ad Eulaeum, on R Eulaeus | Sush, Suze, located between two rivers: R Karkheh and R Dez-Karun |
| 3809.4 | Aginis, on R Eulaeus | Somewhere in this area, possibly on this tell? |
| 3809.5 | Seleucia ad Hedyphon, Seleukeia Susiana, Solace, Soloke, Surak, on R Hedyphon | Ja Nishin? on R Jarrahi, R Maroon, Marun |
| 3810 | Lake mentioned by Arrian (8, 42) into which both R Tigris and R Eulaeus flow. | Lake Hawr Umm an Niaj, on R Karkheh and R Tigris |
| 3810.1 | Hypothetical ancient outlet of R Mogaeus, Mogaios, Mosaios | In Shadegan Ponds |
| 3810.2 | Muddy shallows mentioned by Nearchus when leaving Margastana island | Obviously not a port, but narrow outlet of Musa Bay |
| 3810.3 | Margastana insula, at mouth of lake Kataderbis | Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, inside Musa Bay? |
| 3810.4 | Taxiana insula, located by Marcian in front of lake Palode, Sinus Pelodes, Sinus Steloas | Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, inside Musa Bay? |
| 3811 | R Oroatis, R Arosis, R Shirin | R Zoreh, R Hendiyan, R Tab, or on an ancient eastward course of R Karun |
| 3812 | R Brizana? R Brisoana? | Large river estuary south of Bandar Deylam |
| 3813 | Jannaba, on R Rhogonis, Rhogomanis, Rogonis | Bandar Ganaweh |
| 3814 | Sophtha insula, Arakia insula? | Kharg island, with BA settlement & rock-cut tombs |
| 3815 | R Granis, Dratinus | Outlet of R Hilleh (incl. R Dalaki) |
| 3815.1 | Taoke, Temukan, Tamukkan, on R Granis, Dratinus | Bardak-Siah Palace, between R Shirin & R Dalaki, near Borazjan, inland palace mentioned by Arrian |
| 3816 | Hieratis, at outlet of Heratemis canal | Shif, in front of Shif island, at outlet of Angali canal |
| 3817 | Antiocheia Persidos? on Mesambria Peninsula? Alexandri Insula? | Bushir, Bushahr, on Bushehr peninsula |
| 3818 | Port of Liyan, Ionaka? | Rishir, Rishahr, Rayshahr, Rivard Ardashir, Bokht Ardeshir, with Portuguese fort |
| 3818.1 | Liyan | Tepeh Sabzabad, Tul-e Peytul |
| 3819 | Hazar-Mardan, Hazar Mardom, Halileh | |
| 3820 | R Padagrus | Bay of Halileh, north of Delvar |
| 3821 | R Sitacus | R Rodjanh |
| 3822 | Ausinza, Ausizan | Cape Verdistan, west of Bandar Dayer |
| 3823 | Gogana, near R Areon | Bataneh, near Bandar Dayer |
| 3824 | Siraf, Tahiri | Bandar Siraf, near R Kunarak |
| 3825 | R Badagra, Bagrada | Nayband, Basatin, SE of Haleh, east of Cape Nabon |
| 3826 | Apostana | Bandar-e Bostanu |
| 3826.1 | Below Mount Ochus? near R Dara? | Bandar-e Moqam? below mountain top at 1000 m, near river outlet at Bandar-e Nakhilu |
| 3827 | pearl fishers’ island | Lavan island, near modern oil refinery |
| 3827.1 | Huzu | |
| 3828 | Eas, behind Kaikandros, Cecandrus insula | Hendurabi island |
| 3829 | Kataia, Cataea insula | Kish, Qeys island |
| 3829.1 | R Cathrapis, Kathraps | near Bandar Charak? |
| 3830 | Sisidona, Sidodona, near R Salsos, R Korius? east of Tarsias, Themistias Prom. | Berkeh Sofleyn, Bandar Suflin, near R Rud-e Shur in Haraye Khamir protected area? east of Ras Shenas |
| 3831 | unnamed insula | Greater Tunb island |
| 3832 | Anchorage in front of an island devoted to Poseidon | Dayrestan bay, in front of Hengam, Angar island |
| 3832.1 | Oaracta insula, Oorachtha, Oracta, in front of R Salsos, R Korius | BA settlement 2 km south of Ramchah, on Qeshm island, in front of R Rud-e Shur |
| 3832.2 | Agedana insula, Sagdana? Ogyris? | Larak island, where “red lead” (iron ore) is found |
| 3832.3 | BA settlement 6 km NE of Bander-e Laft, on Qeshm island | |
| 3832.4 | R Achidana | near Pol-e Angur? |
| 3833 | Organa insula, Jarun island, Ogyris? in front of R Daras? | Hormuz island |
| 3833.1 | R Adanis | near Bandar Abbas? |
| 3834 | Harmozeia, Harmozan, Armuzia, near R Anamis, R Saganos | Old Hormuz possibly here, on R Minab, R Ibrahemi |
| 3835 | Neoptana, Portus Macedonum? on R Hyctanis? | South of Bandar Kargan |
| 3836 | Karpella | Ras el-Kuh Mobarak, Bombareek |
| 3837 | Badis, Marcian’s Kanthatis? Caumatis? Kanate? | Cape Jask |
| 3837.1 | Agrisa? Ommana? Rhogana? | Mangrove area west of Surgalm? |
| 3837.2 | R Salarus | R Sedji, 25 km west of Mohammadabad |
| 3838 | Dagaseira, Dagasira | Port Lyrdf |
| 3839 | Troesi, Troea, Marcian’s Pasis? | Khor Galak, on R Fanuj |
| 3840 | Samydake, Caumatis, Kanthatis, Kanate | Bandar Tang |
| 3840.1 | R Samydacus | R Nikshahr |
| 3840.2 | Pola, Polla insula? | Area between Pozm Tiyak and Konarak, where a large island may have been connected to the mainland by a tombolo |
| 3841 | Kanasida, Tesa, Tysa, Tyz | Tiz, Churbar bay, Chabahar bay |
| 3842 | Talmena, Kandriakes, near R Hydrianeus, Hydriacus? | Lipar, on Chabahar Pink Lake |
| 3843 | Bageia, Bagia Prom. | Beris |
| 3844 | Kyiza, Kuitza, Guitza | Kushat? Arrian mentions anchoring in front of a beach with heavy surf ; Marcian mentions a port, presumably Pasabandar |
| 3845 | Alambatera, Alambater, Alabagium Prom. with Ziba, Liba insula | Ras Fasta, at Pasabandar, but unidentified Ziba island |
| 3846 | Kophas, Kophanta, Gophanta, near R Cophes with Harappan Sutkagen Dor ca. 59 km upstream | Jiwani, inside Guttar, Gwatar bay, near outlet of R Dasht Kaur (Marcian erroneously places Carmina insula in this area) |
| 3847 | Deren-Obila, Dendrobosa | Pishukan (Marcian seems to have inverted Derenobilla and Cophanta) |
| 3848 | Barna, Barada, Badara, Balara insula | Kuh Batil at Gwadar |
| 3849 | Balomus, on R Zorambos, Zorombos | R Saie Kaur |
| 3850 | Mosarna, Musarna | silted-up West of Ras Jaddi, near Pasni and outlet of R Shadi |
| 3851 | Kissa, Cissa, Karbis, Carbis, near Harappan Sokhta Koh | Pasni, near outlet of R Shadi Kaur |
| 3851.1 | Carmina, Karmine, Asthala insula, called Asthea insula by Ptolemy, Nosala insula, Solis insula, Selera insula, Nympharum Cubile | Astola, Astalu, Haptalar, island ; acc. to Arrian’s description, Carmina insula is located in the country of Fish-eaters between Cape Jask and Ras Malan, and could thus be here |
| 3852 | Kabyla, Kalama Kolpos, in front of Carmina, Karmine insula, also called Nosala insula? | Khor Kalmat, near Sokhta Koh |
| 3853 | Kolta, Colta | Ras Sakani |
| 3854 | Bagasira, Pasira | Ormara |
| 3854.1 | Malana Prom., Maleus Mons | Ras Malan |
| 3855 | Stobera, on R Tomerus, Tonberus, Tuberus | Kund Malir, on R Hingol |
| 3856 | Kokala, Cocala, Origala? Oritene? Oraea? Horaia? Ora? port of Alexandria Rhambakia, Rambacia? | unlocated anchorage in open sea in front of the shore, possibly at Liari (now inland) near R Titian, Alexandria is possibly located at Uthal on R Kharari? |
| 3857 | Kabana, Cabana, Argenuus? | unlocated anchorage in open sea in front of the shore, possibly near Sonmiani at outlet of R Porali? |
| 3857.1 | Balakot, Kot Bala, near R Winder | |
| 3857.2 | Pagala, Pagadae, Pagana | anchorage in open sea in front of the shore, possibly near Naka Kharari? |
| 3858 | R Aarabes, Artabis, Arabius, Nabris, Cabirus, in front of a high desert island | Sunera, on R Hub, Hab, in front of Churna, Charna island, near Ras Muari, Cape Monze |
| 3859 | Morontobara, Gynaikon Limen, Mulierum Portus, Women’s harbour, Marogomatrae? Rhapraua? Sindu? | Karachi, behind Manora reef |
| 3859.1 | second island (offshore) visited by Alexander | Ratto Kot? 4-5th c. AD fortress, possibly older. Other possible place: Jaki Bandar (Medieval Lahori Bandar, 24.6300°N, 67.3698°E) |
| 3859.2 | Daybul, Debal, on R Sagara, Sakala, Saranga, Sangada, which seem to be used also as placenames by Arrian | Banbhore, on ancient western branch of the Indus delta, now Gharo creek |
| 3859.3 | Domai, Coralliba insula | Possibly in this area? near R Ranpattahni, Ran Pethani |
| 3859.4 | Alexandrou Limen, Portus Macedonum, on R Sagapa, Sangada, Sinthos, behind insula Bibacta, Bibaga, Barbarikon, Barbaricum, Barace, Abies | Tharro Hill, Kervran suggests that Bibacta insula and Cilluta insula are both located here |
| 3859.5 | Cilluta insula, Scillustis, Psiltucis, first island visited by Alexander, Marcian’s Coeamba? Ptolemy’s Coiamba? | Makli hill? now inland, near Thatta (Medieval Debal), such a large island must have been seen by Alexander |
| 3860 | Krokala, Cocala insula | Possibly in this area? near Lake Kalri |
| 3860.1 | Koreestis, Coreestis | Possibly in this area? |
| 3860.2 | Kaumara, Kaumana,Caumara | Possibly in this area? |
| 3860.3 | Stura, Stoura | Possibly in this area? |
| 3860.4 | Patala, Pattala, Potana, with Patalene island at the top of the delta of R Sinthos, R Phison, archaic Meluhha | Hyderabad? on R Indus, Ganjo Takkar is the only credible island where the Indus could have split into the two main branches forming the delta |
| 3860.5 | Alexander’s naval base, on eastern branch of Sinthus, where Leonnatus waited for him ; Marcian’s Rhizana? | Lal Daro? |
| 3860.6 | Dholavira, on Khadir bet island, on R Manhar & R Mansar | |
| 3860.61 | Pabumath, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.62 | Ner, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.63 | Juni Kuran, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.64 | Canthi, Xilenopolis, Great lake, Samara lake | Rann of Kutch? |
| 3860.7 | Alexander’s naval base, on eastern branch of Sinthus, from where Nearchus was supposed to leave the country, but he finaly left via the western branch | Lakhpat? |
| 3860.71 | Todio Timbo, Bhedi, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.72 | Navinal, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.73 | Shikarpur, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.74 | Kanmer, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.75 | Surkotada, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.8 | Nagwada (IV), Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.81 | Bagasra, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.82 | Kuntasi, Harappan settlement | |
| 3860.83 | Lakhabaval, Harappan settlement | |
| 3861 | Isle of Bet Dwarka, at entrance of Gulf of Kutch, Harappan settlement | |
| 3861.1 | Barake insula, in Baraca sinus, Kanthi sinus, Canthicolpo, Dvaraka | Isle of Dwarka, with submerged city at R Gunti outlet. Acc. to Periplus Mar Erythr, Baraca bay (Gulf of Kutch) is very dangerous sailing and ships should stop at its entrance (Dwarka). |
| 3861.11 | Nageshwar, Harappan settlement on lake Bhimgaja Talao | |
| 3861.2 | Meda creek, possibly in front of Harshad Mata temple, near Miyani | |
| 3861.3 | Kindari creek, near Visawada | |
| 3861.4 | Bardaxema, Bardaxima | Porbandar, on Saurashtra peninsula |
| 3861.5 | Monoglossum emporium, at outlet of R Mophidis | Mangrol Bara, on R Noli, acc. to Ptolemy, Monoglossum and R Mophides are close to each other, and located between Sinus Canthicolpico (Gulf of Kutch) and Sinus Barigazeno (Gulf of Khambhat, Kambay), south of Bardaxema |
| 3861.6 | Somanath, Somnath, Prabhas Patan, on Triveni Mahasangam creek, on R Hiran | |
| 3861.7 | Kanjetar Harappan site | |
| 3861.8 | Diva Dandi lighthouse at Mul Dwarka, near Kodinar, on R Shinghoda | |
| 3861.9 | Kaj, with Roman amphorae, west of Diu island | |
| 3862 | Astakapra, Astacampra, on Syresthrene peninsula | Hathab, on Saurashtra peninsula, west of Piram Bet island, in Gulf of Khambhat |
| 3862.1 | Papica, Papike Prom., on Syresthrene, Syrastra peninsula, west of Baiones insula | Ghogha, Gundigar, on Saurashtra peninsula, in Gulf of Khambhat |
| 3862.2 | Lothal, on R Bhogavo-Sabarmati, possibly a tidal basin? | |
| 3862.3 | Mehgam, Harappan settlement, on R Narmada | |
| 3862.4 | Barygaza, Barugaza, Bargosa, on R Namadus | Bharuch, on R Narmada |
| 3862.5 | Bhagatrav, Harappan settlement, on R Kim | |
| 3862.6 | Kammoni, Kammanes, Camanes, Orrhotha? on R Nanaguna | Kamrej, on R Tapi, Tapti, with other sites at Jokha and Dhatva, Pollet places Kammoni 12 km north at Kim |
| 3862.7 | Hazira, possible submerged Mesolithic settlement in Gulf of Khambhat | |
| 3862.8 | Suppara, Souppara, Supparaka, north of R Gaoris, Goaris | Bhatela Talav lake, at Nala Sopara, north of Bassein Creek on R Ulhas |
| 3862.9 | Kalliena, Calliana | Kalyan, on R Ulhoa, Ulhas, Bahayandar |
| 3863 | Elephanta insula, Dounga? near Heptanesia, north of R Binda, Bendas | Gharapuri island, near Mumbay, on Thane Creek, Pollet places Dounga 38 km further north at Dongri |
| 3863.1 | Semylla, Semulla, Chemulaka, Sibor? | Chaul, Revdanda fort, in front of Korlai Fort, on Roha Creek at outlet of R Kundulika |
| 3863.2 | Mandagora, Mandargiri, Mandgor | Bankot Fort, at outlet of R Savitri |
| 3863.3 | Palaepatmae, Palaipatmai | Dabhol, on R Vashishthi |
| 3863.4 | Melizigara, Milizigeris, Sigerus | Jaigarth, on R Shastri |
| 3863.5 | Byzantion, Byzantium | Vijayadrug Fort? at outlet of R Vaghotan |
| 3863.6 | Togarus, Toparon | Devgad Fort, at outlet of R Devgad |
| 3863.7 | Aurannoboas, Erannoboas, Tyrannosboas | Malwan |
| 3863.8 | Kouma | Velha Goa, on R Mandovi |
| 3863.9 | Aigidioi nesos | Anjidev, Angediva island, at modern Karwar naval base |
| 3863.91 | Chersonesus, in front of Keineitoi Nesos | Honavar, in front of Basavaraj Durga island, near outlet of R Sharavati |
| 3863.92 | Leuke Nesos | Nethrani island, Pigeon island |
| 3863.93 | Kalaikarias | Udipi, on R Papanashini |
| 3863.94 | Nitries, Nitrias, Nitra emporium, Mangarouth? | Mangalore? on R Netravati |
| 3863.95 | Uncertain Roman place | Madayipara fort, on R Kuppam |
| 3863.96 | Naura, Naoura, in Limyrike province | Kannur, Cannanore |
| 3863.97 | Tyndis, Tundis, Cosmas’ Salopatana? | Ponnani, at outlet of R Bharathapuzha, or Beypore, at outlet of R Chaliyar |
| 3864 | Muziris, Muzuris, Muciri, Cosmas’ Nalopatana? on R Pseudostomi | Pattanam, near R Periyar |
| 3864.1 | Tropina, Ptolemy’s Podoperura? Cosmas’ Poudopatana? | Tripunittura, near Cochin, Kochi |
| 3864.2 | Nelcynda, Neacyndi, Nelkunda, Melcynda, Melkunda, Nincylda, Nilcinna | Niranam? on R Pampa, with famous St Mary’s Orthodox Church founded by St Thomas in 54 AD. Pollet places it 26 km further north at Kottayam |
| 3864.3 | Barace, Bakare, Baccare, on R Baris | Thottapally? at outlet of R Pampa |
| 3864.4 | Elangkoros, Elancor, Elancorum emporium | Kollam, Quilon |
| 3864.5 | Pyrron Oros, Red Mount, Red Cliffs, Rufus | Varkala |
| 3864.6 | Balita, Bambala, Bamala | Vizhinjam |
| 3864.7 | Komarei, Comari, Comorin Prom., Marcian’s Cory? | cape Kanyakumari |
| 3864.8 | Kolkhoi, Kolchi, Colchis, near R Solenis | Vetrivel Amman temple tank, Korkai, near R Thamirabarani, Tamraparni |
| 3864.9 | Mosikouri, Mosicure | Tuticorin |
| 3865 | Talacori emporium? Manthottam, Mantota, Mahathiththa? in front of Orneon nesos, on Taprobane insula | Manthai, near R Aruvi Aru, in front of Mannar island, on Sri Lanka island, Ptolemy’s Talacori might be placed near the very old Ketheeswaram temple |
| 3865.05 | Hippuros? on Taprobane insula | Cape Kudiramalai, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.1 | Margana? on Taprobane insula | Uruvelapattna, at outlet of R Kala Oya, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.2 | Priapidis portus? on Taprobane insula | Salavattota, at outlet of R Daduru Oya, near Chilaw, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.3 | Wattala, at Colombo, on R Kelani Ganga, on Sri Lanka island | |
| 3865.4 | Odoka, on Taprobane insula | Galle, Gimhathitha? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.5 | Mordi portus Palaesimundum? Salica? on Taprobane insula | Gothapabbata, Godapwata, Godavaya, near R Walawe Ganga, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3865.6 | Port of Maagrammon, on Taprobane insula | Kirinda, port of Tissamaharama, near R Kirindi Oya, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866 | Solis portus? on Taprobane insula | Pottuvil? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.1 | Rhizala portus? on Taprobane insula | Peariyakallar? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.2 | Spatana portus? on Taprobane insula | Lankapattana? on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.3 | Nagadiba, Gokanna, Gokarna, on Taprobane insula | Trincomalee, near outlet of R Mahavali, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.4 | Modutti emporium? on Taprobane insula | R Pudavaikattu? on Sri Lanka island, This location agrees with Ptolemy’s coordinates with respect to Talacori emporium |
| 3866.5 | Boreum, Boreion Prom., on Taprobane insula | Cape Sakkotei, Point Pedro, on Sri Lanka island |
| 3866.6 | Jambukolapattana, west of Kankesanthurai, on Sri Lanka island | |
| 3867 | Saliyur | Alagankulam, on R Vaigai, and Devipattinam |
| 3867.1 | Chaberis emporium, Kaberis, Cosmas’ Caber, and nearby Nagour, Camara, Kouroula, Thellyr & Nikama, Marallo? | Poompuhar, Kaveripattinam, on R Kaveri, Cauvery, with submerged Sangam settlement offshore |
| 3867.2 | Karige | Karaikadu |
| 3867.3 | Podouke, and nearby Souboura | Arikamedu, near Puducherry, on R Ariyankuppam |
| 3867.4 | Sopatma | Mamallapuram, Mahabalipuram, with submerged settlement offshore |