You can download the latest updated xls table.
You can download this map as a kml file.
Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
| NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
| 1 | Tyle, Thule | Iceland? Pliny and Strabo, who cite Pytheas (ca 325 BC?), place Thule at 6 navigation days from (Great) Britain, which may be 400-600 nautical miles. Iceland is at 450 miles North of Scotland. The mention of six months long days and nights means a position beyond the Arctic Circle, which corresponds better to Iceland than to the Shetland islands. |
| 1.1 | Alta, Bronze Age rock carvings showing many ships | |
| 1.2 | Haugvik, on the isle of Somna | |
| 1.3 | Aukra, on the isle of Gossa, with hundreds of Mesolithic coastal settlements in Central Norway | |
| 1.4 | Toftevagen, on Halsnoy island | |
| 2 | Tanum, Bronze Age rock carvings showing many ships | |
| 2.1 | Torsbo, near Kville, Bronze Age rock carvings showing many ships | |
| 2.2 | Norrköping, Bronze Age rock carvings showing many ships | |
| 2.3 | Björke | |
| 3 | export of amber to the Black Sea, on R Chesinos, Chesynus | Daugmale, on R Daugava, Dvina, Düna |
| 3.1 | Basileia, Basilia, Baltia, Ile Royale, between R Vistula and R Chronus | Sambia, Samland? near Kaliningrad, famous for amber exported via R Vistula and R Neman |
| 4 | Wolin, with Neolithic settlement, on R Dziwna | |
| 4.1 | Neolithic settlements at Lietzow, on Rügen island | |
| 4.2 | Stralsund, with logboat wrecks | |
| 4.3 | Varpelev, with logboat wreck, on R Tryggevaelde | |
| 4.4 | Nydam | |
| 4.5 | Hjortspring | |
| 4.6 | Skaghorn Syd, submerged BA settlement | |
| 4.7 | Submerged neolithic settlement at Tybrind Vig, on Fyn island | |
| 4.8 | Husby Klit, submerged BA settlement | |
| 5 | Abalus insula, Saxonum insulae? near Elektrides insulae? In front of R Visurgis? | Isle of Helgoland? near Frisian islands in front of R Weser? |
| 5.1 | R Visurgis | Roman statio at Bremen-Seehausen, on R Weser |
| 6 | Amisia, on R Amisia | Delfzijl? on R Eems |
| 6.1 | Pesse, world’s oldest shipwreck (logboat) | |
| 6.2 | Kadoelerveld, near Kraggenburg, inside a modern polder, with logboat wreck | |
| 6.3 | Mararmano, Manarmani, Meermanno, near archaic R Vlie | in The Netherlands between R Vidrus (R Oer-IJ, now Noordzeekanaal?) and R Amisius (R Eems), possibly at Den Burg, on the isle of Texel that was still connected to the mainland |
| 6.4 | Wieringermeer, near Den Oever, with logboat wreck | |
| 6.6 | Schagen, Muggenburg en Witte Paal | |
| 6.5 | Zeewijk, Neolithic settlement | |
| 7 | Uitgeest-Groot Dorregeest | |
| 8 | Flevum, on R Vidrus? | Velsen 1, west of Amsterdam, on R Oer-IJ, now Noordzeekanaal |
| 9 | Lugdunum Batavorum, Lugduno, Brittenburg, Calla, at the ancient outlet of R Rhenus | Roman fort still visible in the 17th c. at LLW, but now submerged offshore Katwijk, near the outlet of R Oude Rijn (R Old Rhine) which was the northern limit of the Roman empire and was navigable over a long distance, with many river ports |
| 10 | Praetorium Agrippinae, on R Rhenus | Valkenburg, Marktveld-Weerdkampen, with recently discovered large Roman fort, on R Oude Rijn |
| 11 | Matilo, at northern end of Fossa Corbulonis, Corbulo canal between R Rhenus and R Mosa | Leiden, Roomburg, on R Oude Rijn |
| 11.1 | On R Rhenus | Westervaartpark, near Hazerswoude-Rijndijk, on R Oude Rijn |
| 12 | Albaniana, on R Rhenus | Alphen a/d Rijn, on R Oude Rijn |
| 13 | Nigrum Pullum, on R Rhenus | Zwammerdam, on R Oude Rijn |
| 14 | Laurium, on R Rhenus | Woerden, Kruittorenweg & Havenstraat, on R Oude Rijn |
| 15 | Fletio, on R Rhenus | Utrecht, Hoge Woerd, on R Oude Rijn |
| 15.1 | Traiectum, on R Rhenus | Utrecht, Domplein, on R Kromme Rijn and R Vecht |
| 16 | Fectio, on R Rhenus, possible starting point of Fossa Drusiana (contra: de Boer, 2021) | Vechten, on R Kromme Rijn, with connection to the Utrechtse Vecht flowing north to Muiden |
| 17 | Levefanum, on R Rhenus | Wijk bij Duurstede, on R Rijn |
| 18 | Mannaricium, on R Rhenus | Maurik Eiland, on R Rijn |
| 18.1 | Amerongen-‘t Spijk, on R Rijn | |
| 19 | Carvo, Carvone, on R Rhenus | Kesteren, on R Rijn |
| 19.1 | Heteren-Steenoord, on R Rijn | |
| 20 | Castra Herculis, on R Rhenus | Arnhem, Meinerswijk, on R Rijn |
| 20.1 | Grindgat de Loowaard, on R Rijn | |
| 20.2 | Fossa Drusiana, possibly between R Rhenus and R Isala, or between R Rhenus and Flevo Lacus | Manmade canal, possibly between R Oude Rijn near Westervoort and R Oude IJssel near Doesburg, it is now part of R IJssel flowing north to Kampen. Another option might be the Utrechtse Vecht |
| 21 | Carvium ad Molem, on R Rhenus | Bijlandse Waard, Herwen, on R Rijn |
| 21.1 | Moles Drusi? | Drusus Dam, this dam was supposed to divert R Rhine water from the southern branch (today’s R Waal) to the northern branch (today’s R Neder Rijn), it might possibly be somewhere between the Oude Waal and the Oude Rijn near Tolkamer-Lobith and Spijk |
| 22 | Castra Vetera, Colonia Ulpia Trajana, on R Rhenus | Xanten, Archäologischen Park, on R Rhein |
| 23 | Ceuclum, on R Mosa | Roman bridge at Cuijk, on R Maas |
| 24 | Oppidium Batavorum, on R Vacalus | Nijmegen, Hunnerpark, on R Waal |
| 25 | Noviomagus, on R Vacalus | Nijmegen, Maasplein, on R Waal |
| 26 | Grinnes, Grinnibus, on R Vacalus | Rossum, on R Waal |
| 26.1 | Hardinxfeld-Giessendam, on R Beneden Merwede, one of the Rhine delta branches | |
| 28 | Forum Hadriani, on Fossa Corbulonis | Park Arentsburgh, at Voorburg, on R Vliet |
| 28.1 | on Fossa Corbulonis | Rijswijk De Bult, with settlement at Tubasingel |
| 28.2 | Roman fort at Ockenburgh | |
| 28.3 | Poeldijk | |
| 28.4 | Harnaschpolder & Woudsepolder | |
| 29 | Helinio? near southern end of Fossa Corbulonis, at outlet of R Helinium, possible home port of Classis Germanica fleet | Naaldwijk, Zuidweg & Hoogwerf, Roman fort & naval base, near ancient outlet of R Maas, Meuse |
| 30 | Flenio, Flenium | Vlaardingen? on R Lek |
| 31 | R Mosa | submerged offshore of Oostvoorne, Brielse Meer, at outlet of R Oude Maas, Meuse |
| 31.1 | Roman villa near Helhoek | |
| 32 | “Oude Wereld” probably submerged offshore of Goedereede, on the isle of Goeree, remains were seen last in 1618 at a place called “Windglap” located in the Zandgors dunes | |
| 32.1 | De Oude Oostdijk, Goedereede, on the isle of Goeree | |
| 33 | Ganuenta, on R Tabuda, R Scaldis | submerged at 1.5 km NW of Colijnsplaat, votive altars to Nehalennia goddess, on R Oosterschelde, Eastern Scheldt |
| 34 | Romanorum portus | “De Roompot” submerged at the mouth of the Eastern Scheldt |
| 34.1 | Oranjezon, near Oostkapelle | |
| 34.2 | Domburg, submerged votive altars to Nehalennia goddess | |
| 34.3 | Roman dike & fireplace at Serooskerke, on the isle of Walcheren | |
| 34.4 | R Tabuda, R Scaldis | Ellewoutsdijk, on R Westerschelde, Scheldt |
| 35 | Rodanum? | Roman fort at Aardenburg, with possible fortlets at Eede and Draaibrug |
| 36 | Roman fort at Maldegem-Vake | |
| 37 | Roman villa at Fort Lapin, Groot Handelsdok, Bruges, Brugge, on R Reie | |
| 38 | Wenduine | |
| 39 | Aldenburgensis | Roman fort at Oudenburg, on ancient R Kene, Keignaert |
| 39.1 | Stene, near Ostend | |
| 39.2 | Roman dike at Raversijde, near Ostend | |
| 39.3 | R Isera | Nieuwpoort, on R IJzer, Yzer |
| 40 | Pritani, Prettanoi, Prettanides, Brettannikai nesoi, Britannia, meant to include both Albion & Ierne | British Isles, including Great Britain & Ireland |
| 41 | Orcades insulae | Orkney islands, North Scotland |
| 41.1 | Craig Phadrig oppidum | |
| 41.2 | Cullykhan oppidum | |
| 42 | Devana, Devoni, on R Deoua | Aberdeen, on R Don |
| 42.1 | Roman camp at Raedykes | |
| 42.2 | Roman camp at Dun, on Montrose Basin | |
| 43 | Laws Hill, near Monifieth, oppidum on Firth of Tay |
|
| 43.1 | R Taoua, Tawa, Taba, Taus | Roman camp at Invergowrie, on Firth of Tay |
| 43.2 | R Taoua, Tawa, Taba, Taus | Roman camp near Saint Madoes, on Firth of Tay |
| 44 | Horrea Classis, Poreo Classis, on R Tawa | Roman fort and naval base at Carpow, on Firth of Tay |
| 44.1 | Norman’s Law oppidum on Firth of Tay | |
| 45 | Largo, on R Bodotria | Largo, on Firth of Forth |
| 45.1 | Colania, Colanica, on R Bodotria | Camelon, on Firth of Forth |
| 45.2 | Velunia, Veluniate, on R Bodotria | Carriden House, at the eastern end of Antonine’s wall, on Firth of Forth |
| 46 | Cramond, on Firth of Forth | |
| 46.1 | Arthur’s Seat, Edimburgh, oppidum | |
| 47 | Inveresk, on Firth of Forth | |
| 47.1 | R Tinea | R Tyne |
| 48 | Berwick-upon-Tweed, on R Tweed | |
| 48.1 | Kippy Heugh oppidum | |
| 49 | Segedunum | Wallsend, on R Tyne |
| 50 | Arbeia | South Shields, at the eastern end of Hadrien’s wall, near Newcastle |
| 50.1 | Sunderland, on R Wear | |
| 51 | possible lighthouse at Huntcliff |
|
| 52 | possible lighthouse at Goldsborough |
|
| 53 | Dictium? | Whitby |
| 54 | possible lighthouse at Ravenscar |
|
| 55 | possible lighthouse at Scarborough |
|
| 56 | Portus Felix | possible lighthouse at Filey Brigg |
| 57 | Gabrantiucorum portuosus sinus, Praesidium, Praetorium | Bridlington? with Roman villas at Rudston & Harpham Grange |
| 58 | Trinity Burial Ground, Hull, on R Humber | |
| 59 | Petuaria, on R Abus, Abos | Brough on R Humber, Roman naval base |
| 60 | Faxfleet on R Humber, in front of outlet of R Trisantona (R Trent) | |
| 60.1 | Ad Abum, on R Abus, Abos | Winteringham on R Humber |
| 61 | Gibraltar Point, near Skegness | |
| 61.1 | Sleaford, on R Slea | |
| 61.2 | Durobrivae | Water Newton, on R Nene |
| 61.3 | Roman fort at Longthorpe, on R Nene | |
| 61.4 | Bronze Age settlement at Must Farm | |
| 61.5 | Stonea, oppidum, in the Fens | |
| 61.6 | Denver, on R Ouse | |
| 62 | Holme next the Sea, with possible lighthouse at Thornham | |
| 63 | Branodunum | Brancaster |
| 63.1 | Holkham oppidum | |
| 63.2 | Warham oppidum | |
| 63.3 | Paston | |
| 64 | Caister on Sea, North of Great Yarmouth, might have had a Roman port? | |
| 65 | Gariannonum, Gariannum, on R Gariennus | Burgh Castle, West of Great Yarmouth, on R Yare-Waveney |
| 65.1 | Herringfleet, near Corton | |
| 66 | Wenhaston, on R Blyth | |
| 66.1 | Sitomagus, Senomagus? | East Green, on R Hundred |
| 66.2 | Roman villa at Knodishall, on R Hundred | |
| 66.3 | Roman villa at Farnham, near R Alde | |
| 67 | Walton Castle, North of Felixstowe, now submerged offshore | |
| 67.1 | Martlesham | |
| 67.2 | Whitton | |
| 68 | Roman villa at Little Oakley | |
| 68.1 | Ad Ansam | Higham Marsh, on R Stour |
| 68.2 | Felixstowe West Rocks, submerged Roman fort? | |
| 69 | port of Camulodunum | Fingringhoe Wick, with several Roman villas, near Colchester, on R Colne |
| 69.1 | Roman villa at West Mersea | |
| 70 | Heybridge-Maldon, on R Blackwater, might have had a Roman port? |
|
| 71 | Othona portus | Bradwell on Sea, South of Colchester |
| 72 | Hadleigh with possible lighthouse | |
| 72.1 | Mucking | |
| 73 | Londinium, Lindonium, on R Tamesis | London river port on the Thames, near Regis House |
| 74 | Noviomagus Cantiacorum | Dartford |
| 74.1 | Roman villa at Tenters Hill Field, Dartford |
|
| 74.2 | Roman villa at Wilmington, Dartford |
|
| 74.3 | Roman villa at Darenth, near Dartford |
|
| 75 | Vagniacis | Springhead, near Southfleet |
| 76 | Durobrivae | Rochester, on R Medway |
| 76.1 | Frindsbury, New Maritime Academy, BA settlement, on R Medway | |
| 76.2 | Kemsley Down, with several Neolithic, BA & Roman settlements on both sides of Milton Creek, near R Swale | |
| 77 | Durolevum | Ospringe, South of Faversham, with several Roman villas |
| 78 | Regulbium | possible lighthouse at Reculver, West of Margate |
| 79 | Tanatus insula, Toliapis? Taniatide? | Isle of Thanet, near Ramsgate, now connected to mainland |
| 79.1 | Cliffsend Farm, with Bronze Age settlement, possible landing place of Caesar in 54 BC at Pegwell Bay | |
| 80 | Rutupiae, Ritupium, Kantion, Cantium? | Roman naval base at Richborough, probable first landing place of Romans in 43 AD, possible stop over for Pytheas around 325 BC |
| 81 | Portus Dubris, home port of Classis Britannica fleet |
Dover: port at the outlet of R Dour, with its two famous ancient lighthouses |
| 81.1 | Roman villa at East Wear Bay, near Folkestone | |
| 82 | Portus Lemanis | Stutfall Castle, near Lympne castle |
| 82.1 | Ridunum | Rye, near Camber Castle, on R Brede |
| 83 | Mutuantonis? | Hastings oppidum |
| 83.1 | Anderidos, Anderitum | Pevensey, landing place of Cesar and of William |
| 84 | Roman villa at Eastbourne | |
| 84.1 | Newhaven Castle Hill, on Seaford bay, at outlet of R Ouse | |
| 84.2 | Preston Court, Beddingham, on R Ouse | |
| 84.3 | The Caburn oppidum | |
| 84.4 | Mutuantonis? | Lewes, on R Ouse |
| 84.5 | Whitehawk Hill oppidum, Brighton | |
| 84.6 | Hollingbury Castle oppidum, Brighton |
|
| 84.7 | Preston Park, Brighton | |
| 85 | Novus portus | Southwick? possibly at outlet of R Adur, with a Roman villa |
| 85.1 | Cissbury Ring oppidum | |
| 85.2 | Littlehampton | |
| 85.3 | Roman villa at Arundel, on R Arun | |
| 86 | Roman villa at Sidlesham, near Pagham | |
| 87 | Villa Regis Cogidubni, port of Noviomagus Regnorum, on R Trisantonis |
Roman palace at Fishbourne, near Chichester, on R Arun |
| 88 | Magnus Portus |
Bosham Harbour |
| 89 | Hayling island | |
| 89.1 | Roman villa at Langstone | |
| 89.2 | Roman villa at Havant | |
| 90 | Portus Adurni, Ardaoni | Portchester Castle, Roman naval base |
| 91 | Vectis, Vecta insula | Isle of Wight, probably Newport, with Roman villa on R Medina |
| 92 | Roman villa at Brading, on the isle of Wight, now inland | |
| 93 | Oppidum at Ventnor, on the isle of Wight | |
| 93.1 | Bouldnor Cliff, submerged Mesolithic settlement, on the isle of Wight | |
| 94 | Roman villa at Gurnard, on the isle of Wight | |
| 95 | Clausentum? | Wickham |
| 95.1 | Clausentum | Bitterne Manor House, near Southampton, on R Itchen |
| 96 | Onna? | Nursling, on R Test |
| 97 | Major oppidum at Hengistbury Head | |
| 98 | Hamworthy, near Poole | |
| 98.1 | Oppidum at Cleavel Point, on Ower peninsula, in front of Green island | |
| 98.2 | Roman villa at Brenscombe, on Purbeck island | |
| 98.3 | Roman villa at Bucknowle farm, with shale quarries (ball clay, marble & black shale), on Purbeck island | |
| 98.4 | Roman villa at East Creech, on Purbeck island | |
| 98.5 | Port of Durnovaria | Wareham, on R Frome |
| 98.6 | Kimmeridge Bay, ancient shale quarry | |
| 98.7 | Bindon hill oppidum and Roman villa, between Lulworth Cove and Mupe Bay | |
| 99 | Durnovaria | Dorchester, Roman Town House, on R Frome |
| 99.1 | Dunum? | Maiden castle oppidum, near Dorchester |
| 99.2 | Chalbury oppidum | |
| 99.3 | Roman villa at Preston | |
| 99.4 | Roman temple at Jordan hill | |
| 100 | Roman villa at Newberry road, Weymouth | |
| 101 | Vindelis, Vindilis? | Isle of Portland, near Chesil beach, with Culverwell Mesolithic site |
| 101.1 | The Cobb, at Lyme Regis, is said to be on top of a Roman structure (?) | |
| 101.2 | Roman villa at Holcombe | |
| 102 | Moridunum? | Roman villa and fortlet at Seaton “Honeyditches”, on R Axe, with famous quarry at Beer |
| 102.1 | Blackbury Castle oppidum | |
| 102.2 | Roman villa at Otterhead, near Budleigh Salterton, on R Otter | |
| 102.3 | Woodbury castle oppidum | |
| 103 | Port of Isca Dumnoniorum, on R Isca | Port and fortlet at Topsham on R Exe |
| 103.1 | Isca Dumnoniorum, on R Isca | Roman fort at Exeter, on R Exe |
| 103.2 | Milber Down oppidum, near R Teign | |
| 103.3 | Moor Sand, near Salcombe | |
| 103.4 | Bolt Tail oppidum, near Hope | |
| 104 | Burgh island, on Bigbury bay, at outlet of R Avon | |
| 104.1 | R Aramis, Aranus, Armis? (export of tin) | Outlet of R Erme |
| 104.2 | Holbury oppidum, on R Erme | |
| 104.3 | Yealmpton | |
| 104.4 | Mount Batten, near Plymouth, on R Plym (export of tin) | |
| 104.5 | R Tamarus, Tamaris | Roman fort at Calstock, on R Tamar (export of tin) |
| 104.6 | Rame Head oppidum | |
| 104.7 | Hall Rings oppidum, near R West Looe | |
| 105 | Roman fort at Lostwithiel, near Restormel Castle, on R Fowey (export of tin) | |
| 105.1 | Castle Dore oppidum | |
| 105.2 | Prideaux Castle oppidum, Biscovey, St Blazey | |
| 105.3 | Castle Gotha oppidum, and Roman fortlet in the area near St Austell | |
| 105.4 | Black Head oppidum | |
| 105.5 | The Dodman oppidum, near Gorran | |
| 105.6 | Dingerein castle oppidum | |
| 105.7 | Pendennis Castle, Falmouth, on Carrick Roads | |
| 106 | Carlidnack oppidum | |
| 106.1 | Port Navas, near Gweek, on R Helford (export of tin?) | |
| 106.2 | Grambla oppidum, near Gweek, on R Helford | |
| 106.3 | Gweek oppidum, on R Helford (export of tin) | |
| 106.4 | Mawgan, on R Helford | |
| 106.5 | Kynance Gate oppidum | |
| 106.6 | Halliggye oppidum, near R Helford | |
| 106.7 | Chynhalls Point oppidum | |
| 106.8 | Lankidden oppidum | |
| 107 | Ictis insula, Mictis (export of tin) | St Michael’s Mount, Marazion, probably a major port for exporting tin extracted by streaming in the hills of Cornwall |
| 107.1 | Penzance | |
| 107.2 | Treryn Dinas oppidum | |
| 107.3 | near Belerium, Bolerion Prom. |
Maen castle oppidum, near Land’s End |
| 107.4 | Kenidjack castle oppidum | |
| 108 | Silina insula, Scillonia insula, Sicdelis, Ennor | Isles of Scilly, west of Cornwall ; some believe these are the Cassiterides islands, but no tin is mined here ; many megaliths are found there |
| 108.1 | Gurnard’s Head, Trereen Dinas oppidum | |
| 108.2 | Hayle oppidum, on R Hayle (export of tin?) | |
| 108.3 | Crane castle oppidum | |
| 108.4 | Roman villa at Magor Farm, Illogan |
|
| 108.5 | Nance oppidum, near Portreath | |
| 109 | Penhale Point oppidum | |
| 109.1 | Kelsey Head oppidum | |
| 109.2 | Trevelgue Head oppidum, Porth island near Newquay |
|
| 109.3 | Griffin’s Point oppidum | |
| 109.4 | Redcliff castle oppidum | |
| 109.5 | Tregolds oppidum, near Padstow | |
| 109.6 | Wadebridge, on R Camel | |
| 109.7 | The Rumps oppidum | |
| 109.8 | Tregeare Rounds oppidum | |
| 110 | Tintagel oppidum | |
| 110.1 | Bossiney oppidum | |
| 110.2 | Boscastle oppidum, on R Valency | |
| 110.3 | St Gennys Roman fortlet, near Crackington Haven | |
| 111 | Morwenstow Roman fortlet | |
| 112 | Clovelly Dykes Roman fortlet | |
| 112.1 | Hillsborough oppidum, near Ilfracombe |
|
| 112.2 | Voley Castle oppidum, on R Heddon | |
| 112.3 | Beacon Castle oppidum, on R Heddon |
|
| 112.4 | possible lighthouse at Martinhoe Roman fortlet, near outlet of R Heddons | |
| 113 | Countisbury castle, on Wind Hill, and Myrtleberry castles, oppidums, near outlet of R Lyn | |
| 114 | Old Burrow Roman fortlet at Countisbury |
|
| 115 | Oppidum at Grabbist Hill, near Dunster | |
| 115.1 | Bat’s Castle oppidum | |
| 115.2 | Watchet | |
| 115.3 | Trendle Ring oppidum | |
| 115.4 | Dowsborough oppidum | |
| 116 | R Uxela | Combwich, might have had a Roman port on R Parrett? |
| 116.1 | Brent Knoll oppidum | |
| 116.2 | Roman temple and oppidum at Brean Down, near outlet of R Axe | |
| 116.3 | Worlebury oppidum | |
| 117 | Cadbury Camp oppidum | |
| 117.1 | Stokeleigh Camp oppidum, on R Avon | |
| 117.2 | Abona, on R Abona | Sea Mills, on R Avon |
| 117.3 | Roman villa at Kings Weston, on R Avon | |
| 117.4 | Haresfield Beacom oppidum | |
| 117.5 | Roman villa at Great Witcombe | |
| 118 | Glevum | Roman fort at Gloucester |
| 118.1 | Roman temple and oppidum at Lydney | |
| 118.2 | Roman villa at The Chesters, Woolaston |
|
| 118.3 | Bulwarks Camp oppidum, on R Wye | |
| 118.4 | Roman villa at Boughspring, Tidenham, on R Wye |
|
| 118.5 | Roman camp at Killcrow Hill, Sudbrook |
|
| 119 | Sudbrook oppidum and Roman port, on R Severn | |
| 119.1 | Venta Silurum | Caerwent |
| 120 | Isca Silurum, on R Isca | Caerleon, on R Usk |
| 120.1 | Tredegar oppidum, on R Usk | |
| 121 | Tamion? Tamium? | Cardiff |
| 121.1 | Roman villa at Llandough, The Vale of Glamorgan | |
| 122 | Roman villa at Cold Knap, Barry |
|
| 122.1 | Nash Point Camp oppidum | |
| 122.2 | Dunraven oppidum | |
| 123 | Roman villa at Dan-y-Graig, Porthcawl, near Bridgend |
|
| 123.1 | Port Talbot | |
| 124 | Nido, Nidum | Neath, on R Neath |
| 124.1 | Roman villa at Oystermouth, Mumbles | |
| 124.2 | The Knave oppidum, Deborah’s Hole Camp | |
| 124.3 | Burry Holms oppidum | |
| 125 | Leucarum, on R Leuca | Loughor, on R Loughor |
| 125.1 | Roman villa at Abercyfor, Cwmffrwd | |
| 126 | Moridunum, on R Tuvius | Carmarthen, on R Towy |
| 126.1 | Laugharne, on R Taf | |
| 126.2 | Roman villa at Trelissey, near Amroth | |
| 126.3 | Penally | |
| 127 | Greenala oppidum | |
| 127.1 | Flimston Castle oppidum | |
| 127.2 | Linney | |
| 127.3 | Victoria Bay oppidum, near Marloes | |
| 127.4 | Skomer island oppidum | |
| 127.5 | Tower Point oppidum | |
| 127.6 | Haverfordwest, on R Western Cleddau | |
| 127.7 | Porth y Rhaw, near Solva Harbour | |
| 127.8 | Castell Heinif oppdum, near Porthclais harbour |
|
| 127.9 | Saint David’s Head oppidum, near Porthmeigan beach | |
| 128 | St Nicholas | |
| 128.1 | Nevern, with Neolithic settlement at Pentre Ifan | |
| 128.2 | Penbryn | |
| 128.3 | Pendinas Lochtyn oppidum, near Llangranog | |
| 128.4 | Castell Bach oppidum | |
| 128.5 | Llanarth | |
| 128.6 | Roman fort at Trawsgoed, on R Ystwyth | |
| 128.7 | Roman villa at Abermagwr | |
| 129 | R Stuctia, Stoukkia | Aberrheidol Castle, on R Ystwyth |
| 129.1 | R Stuctia, Stoukkia | Pen Dinas, Dinas Maelor oppidum, Ceredigion, on R Ystwyth |
| 129.2 | Roman fort at Pen Llwyn, Dyfed, on R Rheidol | |
| 129.3 | Roman fortlet at Erglodd Farm | |
| 130 | Maglona? | Cefn-Caer Farm, Roman fort near Pennal, on R Dyfi |
| 130.1 | Castell y Gaer at Llwyngwril | |
| 131 | Birthdir Roman fort, on R Mawddach |
|
| 131.1 | Moel Goedog oppidum, near outlet of R Dwyryd | |
| 132 | R Tisobis | Roman villa at Tremadoc, on R Dwyryd |
| 132.1 | Llanystumdwy | |
| 133 | Castell Odo oppidum, at Aberdaron | |
| 133.1 | Craig y Dinas oppidum | |
| 134 | possible lighthouse at Dinas Dinlle |
|
| 135 | Segontium | possible lighthouse at Caernarfon |
| 135.1 | Dinas Dinorwig oppidum | |
| 135.2 | Caer Leb oppidum | |
| 135.3 | Castell Bryn Gwyn oppidum & Neolithic settlement at Bodowyr | |
| 136 | Aberffraw | |
| 137 | Mona insula | possible lighthouse at Caer y Twr on Holyhead Mountain, oppidum |
| 138 | Caer Gybi Roman fort | |
| 138.1 | Llanfaethlu | |
| 139 | Pen Bryn-Yr-Eglwys | |
| 139.1 | Din Lligwy oppidum | |
| 140 | Llanfihangel Din Sylwy, Bwrdd Arthur | |
| 140.1 | Llanfairfechan | |
| 141 | Canovium, Conovium | Caerhun Roman fort, on R Conwy |
| 141.1 | Castell Caer Seion, Lleion, Mynydd-Y-Dref, oppidum on Conwy Mountain |
|
| 141.2 | Great Orme Bronze Age copper mine, near Neolithic settlement at Snail Cave | |
| 141.3 | Bryn Euryn oppidum | |
| 141.4 | Towyn | |
| 142 | Varis, Varae? | Saint Asaph, Flintshire, on R Elwy |
| 142.1 | Neolithic settlement at Prestatyn, might have had a Roman port? |
|
| 142.2 | Oakenholt | |
| 143 | Deva Victrix, on R Deva | Chester, with rare remains of a Roman quaywall on R Dee |
| 143.1 | Heronbridge, on R Dee | |
| 143.2 | Fort Burton oppidum, on R Dee | |
| 143.3 | West Kirby | |
| 144 | Meols | |
| 144.1 | Roman fortlet at Ince on R Mersey | |
| 144.2 | Helsby Hill oppidum | |
| 144.3 | Condate | Northwich, on R Weaver |
| 145 | R Seteia | Wilderspool, on R Mersey |
| 146 | R Belisama | Walton le Dale, on R Ribble & R Darwen |
| 147 | Setantiorum portus | Possibly submerged North of Fleetwood? |
| 148 | Calunium | Lancaster Roman fort, on R Lune |
| 149 | Alauna? Alone? | Watercrook Roman fort |
| 150 | Monaoeda, Monobia, Manavia insula | Isle of Man |
| 150.1 | Cronk ny Merriu oppidum, on the isle of Man | |
| 150.2 | Close ny Chollagh oppidum, on the isle of Man | |
| 151 | Glannoventa, Glannaventa, Glannibanta, Cantiventi |
Ravenglass Roman fort and naval base |
| 152 | Itunocelum, Tunnocelum | Roman fort near Beckermet-Calder Bridge |
| 153 | Gabrosentum | Parton Roman fort, near Moresby |
| 154 | Magis | Burrow Walls Roman fort, near Seaton |
| 155 | Alauna, Alione | Roman fort at Maryport, with many fortlets on the Firth of Solway |
| 156 | Bibra, Bribra | Beckfoot Roman fort, near Beckfoot, on the Firth of Solway |
| 156.1 | Skinburness, on the Firth of Solway | |
| 157 | Portus Trucculensis? | Kirkbride, Angerton, on the Firth of Solway |
| 158 | Maia, Mais | Bowness on Solway, Roman fort at the West end of Hadrien’s wall |
| 158.1 | Port Carlisle | |
| 159 | Coggabata, Congavata, Concavata | Drumburgh Roman fort, on the Firth of Solway |
| 159.1 | Aballava | Burgh by Sands |
| 159.2 | Luguvalium, on R Ituna | Carlisle, on R Eden |
| 159.3 | Roman camp at Ruthwell, on the Firth of Solway | |
| 160 | R Noouius | Caerlaverock Roman fort, and Roman camp at Ward Law, and oppidum on R Nith |
| 161 | Dalbeattie, might have had a Roman port on R Urr? |
|
| 162 | Loucovium? On R Deva, Dewa, Deoua | Glenlochar Roman fort, on R Dee |
| 162.1 | Borness Batteries oppidum, near Brighouse Bay | |
| 162.2 | Castle Haven oppidum, in front of Murrays Isles | |
| 163 | Gatehouse of Fleet Roman fortlet | |
| 164 | R Iena? | Newton Stewart Roman fortlet, on R Cree |
| 164.1 | R Abravanus? | Bladnoch Roman fortlet, on R Bladnoch |
| 164.2 | Dinnans oppidums | |
| 164.3 | Burrow Head oppidum | |
| 164.4 | Barsalloch Point oppidum, Mochrum | |
| 164.5 | Stair Haven oppidum, near Luce Bay | |
| 164.6 | Glenluce Roman camp | |
| 165 | Stoneykirk | |
| 165.1 | Doon Castle oppidum, near Ardwell Bay | |
| 165.2 | Larbrax oppidum | |
| 166 | Rerigonium? | Stranraer |
| 166.1 | Teroy oppidum | |
| 167 | Girvan Mains Roman camps | |
| 168 | Roman fort at Lurg Moor, near Port Glasgow | |
| 168.1 | Credigone? on R Clota | Roman fort at Whitemoss Farm, near Bishopton, on R Clyde |
| 168.2 | Credigone? on R Clota | Roman fort at Old Kilpatrick, on R Clyde, western end of Antonine’s wall |
| 168.3 | Sheep Hill oppidum at Milton | |
| 168.4 | Carman oppidum, near R Leven | |
| 168.5 | Dunagoil oppidum | |
| 169 | Clota in Hiverione | Isle of Arran, in the Firth of Clyde near Glasgow |
| 169.1 | Carradale Point oppidum | |
| 169.2 | Dun Skeig oppidum | |
| 170 | Dunadd, on R Add | |
| 170.1 | Rikina, Riginia insula? Himba? | Loch Tarbert, on the isle of Jura, southern Hebrides |
| 170.2 | Aebudae insulae | Port Ellen, on isle of Islay, southern Hebrides |
| 171 | Erin, Ierne, Ivernia, Hibernia, Hivernione, Insula Sacra | Ireland, with many hillforts on the south, west and north coasts, most of them are small and on promontory cliff-tops without harbour ; We selected the ones with a nautical shelter |
| 171.01 | Drumanagh, oppidum | |
| 171.02 | Silumnus, Limnos insula? | Lambay island, oppidum |
| 171.03 | Andros insula | Howth Head, oppidum |
| 171.04 | Dalkey island | |
| 171.05 | R Modonnos? | Ballybuckley, on R Slaney |
| 171.06 | An Duinin, Ballymore West, oppidum, near Ventry Harbour | |
| 171.07 | Lohercannan, Knockanacuig, oppidum, near Tralee | |
| 171.08 | Barrow , oppidum | |
| 171.09 | Knockadoon Fort, Clenagh, oppidum, on R Shannon | |
| 171.10 | Doontrusk, oppidum | |
| 171.11 | Knoxspark, oppidum, on R Ballysadare | |
| 171.12 | Dungravenen, Townparks, oppidum, on R Erne | |
| 171.13 | Doire Leathan, Derrylahan, oppidum | |
| 171.14 | Cashel, Gort An Choirce, oppidum, on R Glenna | |
| 171.15 | Tullynavinn, oppidum, on R Roe | |
| 171.16 | Lurigethan, Layd, oppidum, between R Dall and R Waterfoot | |
| 171.17 | Knockdhu, Carncastle, oppidum | |
| 171.18 | Lyles Hill, Ballymartin, oppidum | |
| 171.19 | Cathedral Hill, Downpatrick, oppidum, on R Quoile | |
| 171.20 | Knockagh, oppidum, and two other forts, on R Castletown | |
| 171.21 | Newgrange, Neolithic settlement, on R Boyne |