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Ancient port mentioned by ancient author(s)
Ancient port mentioned by modern author(s) only
Potential ancient harbour, from a nautical point of view
| NB | Ancient name | Modern name |
| 3411 | Charadros, Charadropolis, Chaladropolis, near Mount Kasion, Casius, Thronos | Kesab bay at the border between Turkey and Syria, at the toe of mount el-Aqra |
| 3412 | Posidium Prom., Poseidion, Posideon, Polia Prom., Sidonia, Diospolis? archaic Sinaru | Ras el-Bassit, Basit |
| 3413 | Pasieria, Pasera, Passera | Mina el-Fasri, Fasuri |
| 3414 | Leucos Limen, White Port, archaic Mahadu, port of archaic Ugarit | Minet el-Beida, near Ras Shamra, on R Nahr el-Fidd, Fayd |
| 3415 | Heraclea de Cassiotis, Portus Albus, archaic Resu? Biruti? | Ras ibn Hani, North bay, with quarry at 35.5966°N, 35.7585°E |
| 3416 | Heraclea de Cassiotis, Portus Albus, archaic Resu? Biruti? Diospolis? | Ras ibn Hani, South bay |
| 3417 | Laodicea, Laodikeia, Leuke Akte, archaic Ramitha | Lattaquie, Lattakieh, Latakia, al-Ladhiqiyah, at Ras Ziaret |
| 3418 | navigable river | probably R Nahr el-Khebir |
| 3419 | archaic Atallig | Qalat er-Rouss |
| 3420 | port of archaic Gibala, Gabala, Galba, Talbai, Ushnatu, Usnatu? | 1.5 km NW of Tell Tweini, near Jable, Jablah, Jebleh, on R Rumailiah |
| 3421 | Pelleta? archaic Souksi, Shuksi | Tell Sukas |
| 3422 | Paltos, Paltenorum, Belda, Pelleta? on R Baldas, Baudus | Arab al-Mulk, Belda al-Mulk, Belde el-Melek, in the outlet of Nahr es-Sinn |
| 3422.1 | Port of archaic Siannu? | Ash Shaykh Gharib, at outlet of river flowing near Tell Siyanu |
| 3423 | Balaneas Prom., Balanaia, Balaneai, Balaneae, Valenie, Balanyas, Boulniyas, Claudia Leukas, on R Chrysorroas | Baniyas, Banyas |
| 3424 | Maraccas, Maraclee | near Marqueh, Marqiyé |
| 3425 | Karnos, Karne, Karnai, Carne, Carnus, Carnas, port of Arados, one of the “Tripolis” | Tell Qarnum, Qrenan, near R Nahr Abbah |
| 3426 | Antarados, Antharidus, Constantia | Tartous, Tortose |
| 3427 | Enydra, Enhydra, one of the “Tripolis” | Tell Ghamqe |
| 3428 | Aradus, Arados insula, archaic Karat-Marat? | Arwad, Arvad, Ruad |
| 3429 | Marathos, mainland port of Arados, one of the “Tripolis”, on R Marathias | Port of Amrit, near Tell Amrit, with temple of Melqart, Maabed, on R Nahr Amrit |
| 3430 | islet of el-Habbes, with smaller Abou Ali and Nussonie islets further south | |
| 3431 | islet of Machroud | |
| 3432 | Port of Simyra | Tabbat el-Hammam, ashlar breakwater on the beach at the toe of the modern one |
| 3433 | archaic Simyra, Simirra, Sumur, capital city of Amurru district, called Djahi by ancient Egyptians | Tell Kazel, in Akkar district, on R Nahr el-Abrash |
| 3433.1 | R Eleutheros | R Nahr el-Kebir, Lebanon-Syria border |
| 3434 | Cheikh Zennad, on R Nahr Estouen, Akkar | |
| 3435 | Arca, Arkite, archaic Irqata, Caesarea ad Libanum | Tell Arqa, on Nahr Arqa |
| 3436 | Ibirta, Waret, Mutatio Bruttus, on R Saruna, R “Merna” | al-Abde, on R Nahr al-Berid, el-Bared |
| 3437 | Orthosia, archaic Ullaza, Oullasa, Anrata, port of Arca, Herakleia, on R Saruna, R “Merna” | Ard Artusi, on R Nahr al-Berid, el-Bared |
| 3438 | Tripolis, archaic Atri, Wahliya, Wahlia, Mahallata | Al-Mina, Tripoli, with Poidebard’s ancient breakwater remains |
| 3439 | Al-Mina, Tripoli, islet of el-Baqar | |
| 3440 | Al-Mina, Tripoli, South bay, near R Nahr Abu Ali | |
| 3441 | Kalamos | al-Qalamoun |
| 3441.1 | Deir el-Natour | |
| 3442 | Ampa, Ampi, Ambi, Trieros, Terus | canal at Ras al-Qalaat, Anfeh, Enfe |
| 3443 | Ampa, Ampi, Ambi, Trieros, Terus | slipway at Ras al-Qalaat, Anfeh, Enfe |
| 3444 | Chekka, Shaqqa North | |
| 3445 | Chekka, Shaqqa South | |
| 3446 | Trieros, Tiros, Terus, near Theouprosopon Mons, archaic Shigata | El-Heri, near Ras Chekka, on R Nahr el-Assfour |
| 3446.1 | Tell Koubba I & II, on R Nahr el-Jaouz | |
| 3447 | Botrys | Batroun, quarry with a wall dug in the rock |
| 3448 | Botrys, Batruna, Bitirume? | Batroun, South bay |
| 3449 | Byblos | Jbeil, Medieval port |
| 3450 | Byblos | Jbeil, bay of Chamiye |
| 3450.1 | Byblos | Byblos offshore anchorage at Dahret-Daaret Martine reef, with many anchor stones at 25 m depth |
| 3451 | Byblos, Gubala, Gubla, Gebal, Kapen, Egyptian Kbn in the country of Khenty-she (Lebanon), world’s oldest sea port? (exporting cedar wood to Egypt, ca 3000 BC) | Jbeil, bay of Jouret Osman, north of bay of el-Skhiny, near outlet of R Nahr Qassouba |
| 3451.1 | R Phaidros, Phedros, possibly exporting cedar wood to Egypt, ca 3000 BC | R Nahr Fidar? |
| 3451.2 | R Adonis, possibly exporting cedar wood to Egypt, ca 3000 BC | R Nahr Ibrahim, Abraham |
| 3451.3 | Periphereia | Tabarja |
| 3452 | Palaibyblos | Jounieh, on R Nahr Hraich |
| 3452.1 | R Lykos, Lycus | R Nahr el-Kelb |
| 3452.2 | Ksar Akil, Aqil, Paleolothic cave, on R Nahr Antelias, with famous Palaeolithic site in Lebanon, but one of many others | |
| 3453 | Biruta, Berytos, Beryte, Berut | Tell Beirut |
| 3453.1 | Biruta, Berytos, Beryte, Berut, Laodikeia in Canaan | Borj al-Mina, ancient islet now inland, quay wall (excavation Bey 007) |
| 3453.2 | Biruta, Berytos, Beryte, Berut, Laodikeia in Canaan | Beyrouth, Beirut, quay wall in Allemby street (excavation Bey 039) |
| 3454 | Biruta, Berytos, Beryte, Berut, Laodikeia in Canaan | Beyrouth, Beirut, Minet el-Hosn under Venus Towers |
| 3454.1 | Beirut offshore anchorage | |
| 3455 | Heldua, Hedua, Hildua | Khalde, with neolithic settlements, near R Nahr Ghadil |
| 3455.1 | Leontonpolis, on R Leon, Tamyras, Damouras | on R Nahr Damour |
| 3456 | Porphyreonpolis | Khan Nebi Yunas, near Jiyeh |
| 3457 | Alsos Asklepiou, on R Bostrenos | Temple of Eshmun, on R Nahr Awali |
| 3458 | Sidon | Saïda, isle of Zire, with several quarries |
| 3459 | Siduna, Sidon, archaic Kar Esarhaddon | Saïda, Saida |
| 3460 | Siduna, Sidon, archaic Kar Esarhaddon | Saïda, quarry on rocky spit on western seafront of the port |
| 3460.1 | Sidon-Dakerman | |
| 3461 | R Nahr el-Zahrani | |
| 3461.1 | Ornithopolis? Bitsupuri? | Tell el-Bourak, el-Burak, near Addusiyye |
| 3462 | Tomb of Rhodope? Iarimtu, Yarimuta, Yarmuta?? | Sabaa Rais (Seven captains) or islet 1 km north of Tyre? Guerin (1879) places this islet only 1 km north of Tyre, but Sabaa Raïs better fits Tatius’ story |
| 3463 | Sarepta, Sariptu, Makra Kome | Phoenician port at Ras al-Qantara, near Sarafand |
| 3464 | Sarepta, Sariptu, Makra Kome | Roman port at Ras el-Shiq, near Sarafand, with fish tank & quarry west of the port |
| 3465 | Ad Nonum, Adnoun, Ma’rubbu? | Adloun |
| 3465.1 | Export of Lebanese cedar wood floated on R Leontes | Roman bridge near outlet of R Litani, R Qasimiyya |
| 3466 | Djar, Zurai, Surri, Suru, Tyr, Tyre, Tyros, archaic Melqart, Port Nord, Phoenician “Sidonian port”, Port of Astronoe? | Sour, North port |
| 3467 | Tyre “Port Sud – Bassin Ouest”, possibly a Roman reclaimed area | Sour, South side |
| 3468 | Tyre “Port Sud – Bassin Est”, Phoenician “Egyptian port”, possibly a Roman reclaimed area | Sour, South side |
| 3469 | Palaityros, Palaeotyre, archaic Ushu, Usu, Uzu, Hosah also in this area | Tell Mashouq? with lagoon & necropolis at el-Bass |
| 3469.1 | Poidebard’s offshore moles in this area | |
| 3469.2 | Palestinian camp on Rachidiye’s ancient Tell Habesh | |
| 3469.3 | Fountains of Solomon, probably meant in the Bible, Song of Songs, 4:15 | Ras el-Aïn artesian wells known to have provided fresh water for Tyr, near Tell Rachidiyeh, Dussaud places Paleotyre/Ushu here in accordance with Strabo’s distance taken north-south |
| 3470 | Sinde | Ain el-Hamra, near Ras el-Abyad |
| 3471 | Alexandroschene | Iskandarouna |
| 3472 | Hammon, Hamon | Umm el-Awamid, el-Amed, on R Nahr Hamoul |
| 3473 | Misrefot-Yam, Rosh Hanikra at Lebanon-Israel border | |
| 3473.1 | Nahlieli island | |
| 3474 | Ekdippa, Acdippa, Kheziv, Gesiv, Cziv, Asher | Achziv, Akzib, with fish tank, on R Kziv |
| 3474.1 | Segavyon island | |
| 3475 | Nea Come? | Tell Kabri, el-Qahweh, near Nahariya, on R Ga’aton |
| 3475.1 | Khirbet Kabarsa, Balfour street at Nahariya, near R Ga’aton | |
| 3475.2 | Shavei Zion, Mazra‘a, anchorage | |
| 3475.3 | Possible fish tank at outlet of R Yasaf | |
| 3476 | Ake, Akka, Antiocha Ptolemais, Saint-Jean d’Acre | Acre, Akko, with ancient ashlar breakwater under modern one, with ancient lighthouse on Tower of Flies |
| 3477 | Archaic Akko, Akka, near outlet of R Belos, Belus | Tell el-Fukhar, South of Tell Akko, Napoleon Hill, on R Na’aman, Na’mein |
| 3478 | Exope? Akshaph? | Tell Keisan, Kison |
| 3479 | R Belos, Belus , famous for glassmaking | Tell Afek, Afik, Khirbet Kurdaneh, Kirdani, springs of R Na’aman |
| 3480 | Port of Aksaph, Achshaph, near R Pacida, port of Megiddo | Tell abu Hawam, Haifa, near R Qishon, the site was destroyed by modern urbanism in the 1930’s |
| 3481 | Sykamina | Tell Shiqmona, Haïfa West, with circular murex tanks |
| 3481.1 | Tell Ḥreiz, with unique seawall structure, 1.6 km south of outlet of R Galim, with other submerged neolithic sites at Kfar Samir, Hishuley Carmel, Kfar Galim, Nahal Galim, Hahotrim | |
| 3482 | Tell Megadim | |
| 3483 | Atlit-Yam, submerged Neolithic settlement at 12 m depth, in front of outlet of R Oren | |
| 3484 | Boukolonpolis | Athlit, Atlit, with ancient lighthouse(s) |
| 3484.1 | Melah island | |
| 3484.2 | Neve-Yam, submerged neolithic site | |
| 3484.3 | Outlet of R Mearot, with 2 parallel channels possibly used for salt pans | |
| 3485 | Tell Nami | |
| 3485.1 | Habonim, with rock-cut channels possibly used for salt pans | |
| 3486 | Doros, Dora, Dura, north anchorage | Dor, Dora, with several stone anchors |
| 3486.1 | Doros, Dora, Dura, possible Roman port | Dor, Dora, Moshav Bay, North Bay |
| 3487 | Doros, Dora, Dura, Hellenistic port | Dor, Dora, Love Bay, with 3 slipways |
| 3488 | Doros, Dora, Dura, Dyr, archaic port | Dor, Dora, Nahsholim Bay, South Bay |
| 3488.1 | Doros, Dora, Dura | Dor, Dora, Nahsholim Bay, South Bay, with quarry and submerged Neolithic settlement, with possible fort & canal to Tantura bay |
| 3488.2 | Doros, Dora, Dura, south anchorage | Dor, Dora, Tantura lagoon, with many stone anchors |
| 3489 | Yonim island, Pigeon islets, near Maagan Michael, Magaan Mikhael | |
| 3490 | Krokodeilonpolis, on R Crocodile | Tell Taninim, near Tell Mevorach located 2400 m inland at Beit Hanania, on R Taninim |
| 3491 | Pre-Herodian anchorage, Caesarea’s northern anchorage | |
| 3492 | Stratonos Pyrgos, Tour de Straton, Straton’s Tower, Migdal Sar, Caesarea Stratonis | Caesarea Maritima, inner port, with pre-Herodian “round tower” |
| 3492.1 | Sebastos, Caesarea Palaestinae, Flavia Colonia Augusta Caesarea, Cesaree, Ace | Qesaria, Caesarea Maritima,middle port, built by Herod from 21 to 10 BC, also used by crusaders |
| 3492.2 | Sebastos, Caesarea Palaestinae, Flavia Colonia Augusta Caesarea, Cesaree, Ace | Qesaria, Caesarea Maritima, outer port, built by Herod from 21 to 10 BC, with Drusion lighthouse |
| 3492.3 | Sebastos, Caesarea Palaestinae, Flavia Colonia Augusta Caesarea, Cesaree, Ace | Promontory Palace, King Herod’s palace, with large Piscina di Cleopatra |
| 3493 | Sdot Yam, Caesarea’s southern anchorage, with fish tanks at Horseshoe Rock at Sdot Yam Marina | |
| 3494 | port of Burgatha? Port of archaic Zrar? | Giv’at Olga, near Tell Zeror |
| 3495 | Gedra of Caesarea? | Tell Mikhmoret |
| 3496 | Tell Ifshar, Tell Hefer, on R Alexander | |
| 3497 | Natania | Netanya |
| 3497.1 | outlet of R Bdellopotamos | Tell Poleg, on R Poleg |
| 3498 | Apollonia, Sozousa | Tell Arsuf, anchorage south of Crusader castle |
| 3499 | Tell Michal and Tell Makmish near Herzliya Marina | |
| 3500 | Tell Qudadi, Kudadi, Tell esh-Shuna, on R Yarkon, with rock-cut fish tanks at Tell Baruch | |
| 3501 | Tell Qasile, Namal Tel Aviv, on R Yarkon | |
| 3502 | Tell Gerisa, Jarisha, Napoleon hill, on R Yarkon | |
| 3503 | Joppe, Iope, Iapu, Yapu, Yafo, port of Jerusalem | Jaffa, archaic port possibly on ancient outlet of R Ayalon, Roman port possibly further downstream due to sedimentation |
| 3504 | port of Iamneia, Iamnia, Yamnia, archaic Muhhazu? | Yavne-Yam, Palmachim, Minet Rubin, near R Sorek |
| 3504.1 | Tell Mor, Ashdod, on R Lachish | |
| 3505 | Azotos Paralios, Azot, Asdudimmu | Ashdod-Yam, port possibly located west of the crescent-shaped fortification, 500 m south of fortress |
| 3506 | Maioma Ascalonitis | Ashqelon, Ashkelon |
| 3507 | Ascalon, Askaluna, Asqaluna | Ashqelon, Ashkelon National Park, near crusader’s fortress |
| 3508 | Anthedonius portus, Anthedon, Agrippias | Blakhiyah, Khirbet Teda NW of Gaza City |
| 3509 | Gazaion Limen, Maioumas, Maiumas, Maimas | el-Qashani |
| 3509.1 | Gazeorum, Seleukeia Gaza, Kadytis, Constantia, Neapolis, Azzati, Hazati, Hazzatu, capital city of Southern Canaan (called Djahi or Pa-Canaan by the ancient Egyptians), land of the Philistines (called Peleset by the ancient Egyptians) possibly originating from Crete | Gaza City |
| 3510 | Tell es-Sakan, near on wadi Gaza, Ghazzeh | |
| 3511 | Possibly archaic port? on archaic “Brook of Egypt” | Tell al-Ajjul, Bethaglaim, on wadi Gaza, Ghazzeh, Nahal Habesor |
| 3512 | Tell el-Moghraqa | |
| 3513 | Possibly archaic port? on archaic “Brook of Egypt”, archaic “sealed harbour of Egypt”? | Taur Ikhbeineh, on on wadi Gaza, Ghazzeh, Nahal Habesor |
| 3514 | Gazeorum Portus? on archaic “Brook of Egypt” | Tell es-Sanam, on wadi Gaza, Ghazzeh, Nahal Habesor |
| 3515 | Thabatha | Tell Umm Amer, Umm el-Tut, Saint Hilarion Monastery |
| 3516 | Northernmost fortress on the “Ways of Horus” | Deir el-Balah |
| 3517 | Tell Ruqeish, Tell Akluk | |
| 3517.1 | Neolithic settlement at Tell Qatifa | |
| 3518 | Tell Ridan | |
| 3519 | Raphia | Tell Rafah, Rafia |